RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 9 Women Empowerment

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 9 Women Empowerment are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Rajasthan Adhyayan. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 9 Women Empowerment.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject Rajasthan Adhyayan
Chapter Chapter 9
Chapter Name Women Empowerment
Number of Questions Solved 61
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 9 Women Empowerment

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Women literacy percentage in India as per 1961 population Census was:
(a) 15
(b) 20
(c) 40
(d) 60
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
The Indian railway ministry has decided to run 21 special Mahila train under the name:
(a) Women Empowerment
(b) Matrey Bhoomi
(c) Bhartiya Naari
(d) Jhansi-ki-Rani
Answer:
(b).

Question 3.
According to the 2001 population census, the total population of Rajasthan was:
(a) 10 crore
(b) 7 crore
(c) 5 crore 65 lakh
(d) 4 crore 20 lakh
Answer:
(c).

Question 4.
When was the Rajasthan State Mahila commission appointed?
(a) 2010
(b) 2005
(c) 2000
(d) 1999
Answer:
(d).

Question 5.
In how many districts of Rajasthan was the Mahila Development Programme introduced in 1984?
(a) Seven
(b) Eleven
(c) Fifteen
(d) Twenty
Answer:
(a).

Question 6.
What is the target fixed for the Gross birth rate in the five point Mahila Empowerment Programme?
(a) 17 per thousand
(b) 21 per thousand
(c) 25 per thousand
(d) 30 per thousand
Answer:
(b).

Question 7.
Since when has the women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 been enforced in the whole country?
(a) January, 2005
(b) January 26, 2005
(c) October 26, 2006
(d) December 31, 2008
Answer:
(c).

Question 8.
The scheme operating in Rajasthan to check the decline in girls population is known as:
(a) Girls drop out-scheme
(b) Girls growth scheme
(c) Girls Expansion Scheme
(d) Mukhyamantari Balika Sambal Yojana
Answer:
(d).

Question 9.
How many formula programme for the Women Empowerment was declared by the Chief-minister during his 2009-2010 budget speech?
(a) Seven
(b) Eleven
(c) Fifteen
(d) Twenty
Answer:
(a).

Question 10.
What was the participation percentage of the Rajasthan Women in the 2009-2010 MNREGA?
(a) 60
(b) 67
(c) 80
(d) 99
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which factor has played the main role in improving the condition of women in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Education has worked as factor to improve the condition of women of Rajasthan.

Question 2.
What does Empowerment mean?
Answer:
Empowerment means a step of advancement towards access to rights from the maginalised status.

Question 3.
What is the name for the new programme launched by reorganising the literacy mission, for giving a boost to the Mahila literacy?
Answer:
The new programme launched to give a boost to the Women literacy is known as “Literate India”.

Question 4.
What is the abbreviated name for the Information Development and Resources agency at the state and the district level?
Answer:
It is IDARA.

Question 5.
Who nominates the Chairman of the Rajasthan state Mahila Commission?
Answer:
Chairman of the Rajasthan state Mahila Commission is nominated by the Rajasthan government.

Question 6.
What is the name of the department conducting Mahila Development programmes in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Department for the Mahila Development Programmes in Rajasthan is known as Women Empowerment Directorate.

Question 7.
Who is the Chairman of the District Mahila Help Samiti?
Answer:
Collector is the Chairman of the District Mahila Help Samiti.

Question 8.
Which act defines elaborately the concept of Domestic Violence?
Answer:
It is the Women from Domestic Violence Act that defines elaborately the concept of Domestic Violence. .

Question 9.
Who helps in benefitting from the Janani Suraksha Yojana?
Answer:
ASHA or equivalent Health Workers help in benefitting from the Janani Suraksha Yojana.

Question 10.
Which great man’s name is associated with National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
Answer:
Mahatama Gandhi’s name is associated with the National Rural Employment Gurantee Act.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the position of women in Rajasthan in the medieval period?
Answer:
Position of women in Rajasthan in the medieval period:
Medieval period was the male dominated period; hence role of the males was predominant in society, but there were many practices for the safety and dignity of women, as :

  1. Women’s participation in the religious and the routine activities was at par with men. Examples are of Maharana Kumbha and Rajsingh period.
  2. The feudal women played a decisive role in the administrative matters. Hansabai, Maharana Lakha’s wife got enthroned her son, Mokal in place of Chunda. Similar role was played by Karmeity, Maharana Sanga’s wife.
  3. Daughter and sisters were given Zagirs. Examples are available in Maharaja Raj singh account books.
  4. The feudal women enjoyed the autonomous status in Harem after marriage. They were given separate zagirs for their personal expenses.
  5. Widows were supposed to follow the traditions of the patriarchal society. Yet they were never unsafe and unprotected. There were conventional means for their livelihood. The Widow Ramabai, Maharana Kumbha’s daughter was given Jaawar-Ka-Pargana’ (a plot of land for her livelihood.

Question 2.
Write five points Five formula Mahila Empowerment Programme?
Answer:
Five Points of Five Formulae Mahila Empowerment Programme:

  1. 100% stay of girls till class 10.
  2. Complete end to Child-marriages of females.
  3. Access of facility of institutional delivery to every woman.
  4. Achieving the gross birth rate of 21 per thousand.
  5. Generation of self-employment opportunities for women so as to provide employment to at least one thousand women in each district.

Question 3.
What is Janani Suraksha Yojana?
Answer:
Under the overall umbrella of NRHM(National Rural Health Mission) the Janani Suraksha Yojana has been started. ASHA/ Equivalent Health Workers assist the Women get benefits of this Yojana.
Below mentioned services or benefits are provided under this scheme:

  1. Rs. 1400 shall be given through cheque, to the rural woman linked to the institutional delivery, and Rs. 300 more will be given for transport if not accompanied by ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist.
  2. Rs. 500 out of Rs. 1,400 are given to the B.P.L card holding woman for her nutrition in the seventh month of her pregnancy and remaining Rs. 900 are given after discharge from the accredited health institutions as the post-natal assistance.
  3. 24 hour stay arrangement is made in the hospital/health centre for the post natal care of the woman.
  4. ASHA is given transport expenses of Rs. 400 for accompanying the expectant woman to the hospital or health Centre and Rs. 200 as an incentive amount.
  5. B.P.L card holder women are given for home delivery.
  6. The urban women are given Rs. 500 for the institutional delivery and ASHA equivalent health workers are given Rs. 200.
  7. B.P.L Card holder Women are also given 5 it ghee for the first institutional linked delivery.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the gender responsive budgeting.
Answer:
Gender Responsive Budgeting:
It is a new concept related to women development and empowerment programmes. Its main objective is to make gender based budget allocations rather than the class based allocations in the budget. To give a practical shape to this concept different departments have been instructed for the review of their programmes and redetermining of their priorities. Accordingly the State government has been aiming at the gender responsive budgeting. Its first step (2005-2006) covers health, Education, Agriculture, Mahila and Shishu – development, Printing and registration, social and justice departments. Budget of these six departments has been evaluated.

In 2006-07 eight more departments have been audited, namely-Rural development, self-administration, tribal area, Industries, Cooperative, forest, cattle rearing and the gardening. Thus 14 departments in all have been surveyed on the basis of gender budgeting. The state government has been on a way to institutionalise the gender responsive budgeting so that the gender based budget allocations of all the departments may be evaluated from time to time and necessary instructions and directives may be issued to the concerned departments.

Question 5.
Write a brief note on Mahila Self Help groups operating in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Mahila self help group programs has been operating since 1997-98 in order to make the women economically independent. Under this programmes 10-20 women decide by mutual consent to form groups and develop the ways of self-dependence through their small savings and mutual Cooperation and thus create opportunities for self employment. So far 1,75,034 such groups have been organised in the state and 1,36.367 of these groups have opened the accounts, with the banks and are depositing their savings. The banks have, so far, advanced loan of hundreds of crores, for their various economic activities, and for meeting their domestic needs.

In order to popularize the products generated by the Swayam Support Groups, marts (bazars) are being organised at the state level since 2004-2005, as well as at the division, district and the block levels.

Encouraged by the positive outcomes of this programs, the Priyadarshini Ideal Swaym Help Group Scheme has been introduced. Under this scheme ten Swaym Help groups shall be identified from each district to be trained to devise ways for their self-employment. Each permanent group will be given an assistance of Rs. 25,000 and marketing opportunities for thp goods produced by them will be provided to such groups. In the same sequence Amrita Award has also been started since 2010. Under this award scheme, Rs. 50,000 shall be given to the Aid group for its best demonstration and Rs. 20,000 to the voluntary organisation for its highest outcomes/ turnout and experience.

Question 6.
What are the main points formula of Mukhyamantari’s Mahila empowerment?
Answer:
In the year 2009-10 the State Chief-minister in his budget speech declared seven- point Mahila Empowerment programme for the personal, social, and economic development of women.
Seven formulas of this programme are:

  1. Safe Motherhood.
  2. Reduction in infant mortality rate.
  3. Population stabilisation.
  4. Prevention of child marriages.
  5. Girl’s stay at least till class 10.
  6. Women self help groups to provide security and to protect the environment through programmes including economic employment by providing self-employment opportunities.
  7. Chaired by the Chief secretary monitoring cell at the state level.

Question 7.
What are the main objectives of the Mahila policy of the state?
Answer:
Main objectives of the Mahila policy of the Rajasthan state are:

  1. To improve the status and condition of girls and women in the society.
  2. To accelerate the processes, methodologies and machinery for bringing an end to exploitation of women and social vices.
  3. To prepare suitable environment for the integrated development of women and girls in the state.

Question 8.
Name the three aspects of the three Dimensional approach of the Mahila policy of the Rajasthan State.
Answer:
Three aspect (tenets) of the Three Dimensional Approach are:

  1. Re-affirming Rights Perspective.
  2. Access to women in difficult circumstances and special focus groups.
  3. Priority areas for suitable legislation, programme development and Observation and Action.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Account for the role of education in improving the condition of Women.
Answer:
Role of Education:
Women in our country are, standing shoulder to shoulder with men in all various fields—Social, political, economic, administrative, Cultural and literary. They are playing their constructive role to shape the society. It is the education which has been a dominating factor in moulding the overall status of women in the society.
In the year 1961, the male literacy percentage was 40 whereas the female literacy percentage was 15. By the year 1971 the female literacy percentage rose to 22% and by 2001 it touched 54.16%.

This big change has been made possible due to various steps taken by the state government to make easy access of the girls, especially, the deprived girls of the society to the schools. Some of the steps taken in this regard are distribution of free books, free uniforms, scholarships, mid-day food, Scholarships and Ladali yojana. The most recent step taken in this direction by the government of India is the Right to Education Act. According to this act, children (girls and boys) between 6 to 14 years have been given the right to free and compulsory education.

The Central Human Resources Development Ministry has taken the decision to give full attention to the Women education under the National Literacy Mission and about 80% women are estimated to be literate by 2017 under this Yojana.
As a result of rise in the female literacy percentage, the number of women employees in the government and non-government as well as autonomous institutions is increasing.

The spread of women literacy has narrowed the gap between the male and the female employees. In the year 1995, the ratio of women employees in the government services was 7.43% as compared to the male employees, which rose to 7.53% in 2001 and 9.68% in 2004. Though it has not been a very satisfactory achievement but the growing gap between the women and men literacy rate has been narrowed. In Delhi ratio of women has been found to be more than that of men. ,

Question 2.
Give an account of the main functions of the Rajasthan State Mahila Commission?
Answer:
Main functions of Rajasthan State Mahila Commission are:

  1. To examine any kind of inappropriate behaviour against women, and recommend the matter to the government.
  2. To take steps to enforce laws, and make their enforcement in the interest of women for effective action.
  3. To prevent discrimination of any kind against women in the State Public services and the public sector.
  4. To take steps to improve the status of women.
  5. To recommend necessary disciplinary action to the government against any public servant for extreme neglect of, and indifference to the protection of women’s interests.
  6. To review existing laws relating to women in terms of proper justice from government and to recommend necessary amendments to legislation.

Question 3.
Write an introductory note on the Women Development Programme in operation in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The Mahila Development Programme in Rajasthan:

  1. Beginning of the Programme:
    Rajasthan is the first such state in the country which had started the Mahila Vikas programme for the development of women in the seven districts i.e. Jaipur, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Bhilwara, Udaipur, Banswara and Kota. It was developed step by step in other districts and now it is operating in all the districts of Rajasthan.
  2. Main object of the programme:
    To coordinate the policies and schemes of different departments and to reach their benefits to the women, as well as to create an environment in favour of women’s rights and against prevailing social evils in the society at the rural level.
  3. Other Objectives of the Mahila Development Programme:
    1. To create an atmosphere to make opportunities available to the women for their development and their rightful existence by means of constructive economic and social policy.
    2. To alert women of their political,economic,social,cultural and civic rights.
    3. To make available to women equal opportunities in education, higher education and technical education, health care and planning.
    4. To prepare an atmosphere for the gender equality.
    5. To attempt at providing special security and protection uf girl children and adolescent girls, and to arrange for them the quality education, health services and protection against all types of violence-family and social, exploitation and other unfavourable circumstances.

Question 4.
Give a brief description of the women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005?
Answer:
Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005:
This act was enforced by the government of India to give protection to women against domestic violence and to give them immediate emergency relief. This act and the rules of protection against domestic violence under the act were enforced at the same time in the whole country on 26th Oct, 2006. This is the act which has defined the domestic violence for the first time. Prior to it no other relation except marriage was included in the act, but this act includes sister, widow, mother, daughter, single woman etc. in the list of domestic relations.

Besides even the Shared Household has been defined lest the oppressed woman should be deprived of the housing facility. Shared Household means where the aggrieved person lives or at any stage, has lived in a domestic relationship either singly or along with the respondent. The act defines the domestic violence as-Any act of comission or ommission of conduct of respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being. Whether mental or physical of the aggrieved person or tends to do so; and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse. It also includes demand for dowry of any sort.

In Rajasthan, under this act in all 548 officers’ including Dy Director and Child Development Project Officers have been appointed as the Conservations Officers and 79 Non-government organisations have been accorded recognition as service providers. All the state hospitals, dispensaries, Primary health Centres and Community health centres have been authorised for the medical care and facilities.

Question 5.
Write an introductory note on the Rajasthan State Women Policy.
Answer:
Objectives of the Policy: During the last few years the state governments of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have announced their policy for women. The Department of women and Child Development, Government of India also initiated discussion in 1996-1997 on the national policy for women. These efforts kindled a debate on the usefulness of such a document in women’s struggle for equality and social justice.

The State Government recognised that every step towards promoting gender justice contributes, in some way to women struggle for equality. It is with this conviction that the government decided to announce a policy for women.
Major objectives of this policy are:

  1. To bring improvement in the status and position of women.
  2. To make the process modalities and system dynamic in order to eliminate exploitation and exploitative practices. ‘
  3. To create a supportive environment for the overall development of girls and women.

Steps outlined to achieve the above objectives are to:

  1. Initiate policies and programmes that promote gender equality and social justice including gender justice, and enable women to realise their constitutional rights.
  2. Recognise the productive role of women in household economy and the state government will strive towards ensuring equal access to and control over resources and the fruits of development.
  3. Recognise the special needs of girl, children, adolescent girls and Women in extreme poverty and difficult circumstances and target development interventions for such vulnerable sections of society.
  4. Recognise the vicious circle of poor nutrition, poor health, early child bearing and high mortality among women, promote a life cycle approach to women health that recognises the needs at every stage from childhood to old age and assist women gain greater control over their reproductive health and prevent unwanted pregnancies.
  5. Ensure that all girl children have access to at least primary education, illiterate, non-literate, adolescent and women have access to basic and continuing education and in general women have equal access at all levels of education.
  6. Create conducive environment and appropriate mechanism for gender sensitisation of government functionaries at all levels and in all departments, and initiate systems for sensitisation of political leaders, opinion makers and the media.
  7. Promote and support effective participation of women in political processes and gain their access to decision making government and non-government institutions and organisations.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What is the number of Mahila Thanas in Rajasthan?
(a) 19
(b) 16
(c) 29
(d) 9
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
The Women literacy rate percentage in Rajasthan as per the 2001 census was:
(a) 50
(b) 52
(c) 54
(d) 48
Answer:
(c).

Question 3.
What is the percentage of Women in Rajasthan, of the total women percentage of India?
(a) 6.50
(b) 5.46
(c) 15
(d) 6.45
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
ASHA/Health workers help the women in making access to the following scheme-
(a) Janani Suraksha Yojna
(b) Mukhyamantri BalikaSabal Yojana
(c) Kishori Shakti Yojana
(d) Creche Yojana
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
Presently the women welfare department is running about 263 creches in:
(a) 28 districts
(b) 18 districts
(c) 08 districts
(d) 20 districts
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which commission has been organised by the Central government to put into practice the Women empowerment concept?
Answer:
Women Empowerment Commission has been formed to give practical shape to the Women Empowerment Concept.

Question 2.
Write any two of the Mukhyamantri Seven point Women’s programmes?
Answer:
Two of the Mukhyamantri seven point Women’s programmes are :

  1. Safe Motherhood.
  2. Reduction in Infant Mortality rate.

Question 3.
When was the Mahila Development Programme started in the seven districts of Rajasthan for the integrated development of women?
Answer:
It was in 1984 that the programme for the integrated development of women was started.

Question 4.
What is the new concept related to the women development and empowerment programmes?
Answer:
Gender Responsive Budgeting is the new concept related to the Women Development and Empowerment Programmes.

Question 5.
When was the Mahila Directorate established in the Rajasthan state?
Answer:
The Mahila Directorate Rajasthan was established in June 18, 2007.

Question 6.
Which Yojana has been started for the women farmers?
Answer:
Mahila Kissan Empowerment Yojana has been started for the Women farmers.

Question 7.
Who was given a plot of land for her survival and livelihood?
Answer:
Maharana Kumbha’s widow daughter, Ramabai was given a plot of land for her livelihood.

Question 8.
What does Shared Household refer to, in the context of Women under the Women Domestic Violence Act?
Answer:
Shared Household refers to the housing facility for the deprived women.

Question 9.
Which regulations have been framed to control the growing tendency of unnecessary expenditure on marriages?
Answer:
Group Marriages Grant Regulations, 1996 have been framed to check unnecessary expenditure in marriages.

Question 10.
Which five states have taken the lead to give 50% reservation to women in the panchayats?
Answer:
Five states which have given 50% reservation to women in the panchayats are:

  1. Bihar
  2. Himachal Pradesh
  3. Uttarakhand
  4. Madhya Pradesh
  5. Chhatisgarh

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the attempts made by the State Mahila Commission for the Women empowerment?
Answer:
Attempts made for the women empowerment by the state Mahila Commission:

  1. Associated with public hearing.
  2. Action on the reports received by post.
  3. District hearing, personal hearing and on the basis references published in the newspapers.

Question 2.
What are the objectives of the Mahila Development Programme?
Answer:
Objectives of the Mahila Development Programme are:

  1. Preparing environment for an access to opportunities for the Women’s rights and development through constructive economic and social policy.
  2. Making women aware of their political, economic, social, cultural and Civic rights.
  3. Bringing women at par in the fields of education, high education, technical education, health safety etc.with men.
  4. Preparing atmosphere for gender equality.
  5. Attempts for special safety and security of girl child and adolescent girls, provision of quality education and health services for them, and protecting them against all sorts of violence; domestic and social exploitation and other unfavourable circumstances.

Question 3.
What is Mukhyamantari Balika Sambal Yojna?
Answer:
The Rajastha State government has declared this Yojana to check a decline in the number of females in the state. Under this scheme bond under C.C.P scheme of U.T.I Mutual Fund is given by the state government for each girl child to the couple having no mail child, and having undergone sterilisation operation after one or two female child.

Question 4.
Write a note on the Kishori Shakti Yojana?
Answer:
Kishori Shakti Yojana –
This Yojana is operating in 274 urban and rural blocks for the non-school going girls aging 11 to 18 in these urban and rural blocks, and for the school drop out adolescent girls. Under this scheme 30 girls, each in two Aanganwadis in the urban areas and at a gram panchayat headquarter of all the 237 panchayat samities/ blocks are being benefitted. Steps are taken to improve nutrition and health standards of adolescent girls, to literate them and to impart quantitative and vocational expertise/ training, and also to develop in them the ability to understand matters related to their social environment.

Question 5.
Write about the composition of the Rajasthan State Mahila Commission?
Answer:
The Rajasthan Rajya Mahila Commission Comprises of :

  1. Chairman: It has a chairman nominated by the State Government for three years.
  2. Members: It has three members as :
    1. One from the scheduled caste.
    2. One from the scheduled tribe.
    3. One Woman from other backward classes.
  3. Secretary: He/She is a deputed by the state government.

Question 6.
What is a creche?
Answer:
Government is running creches for the daily care of the rural working women and for improving the health and nutrition standard of the children. About 263, creches are being operated presently, in 18 districts. Through these creches the facilities of daily care, medicines and nursing are being provided to the Rural Working women aging 6 months to five years.

Question 7.
Write a note on the District women Aid Samiti as a part of the Mahila Development Programme in Rajasthan.
Answer:
District Women Aid Samiti:
The District level woman samiti under the Chairmanship of collector has been formed to provide immediate relief to give necessary assistance and directions to the oppressed and the destitute women, and also to take immediate action after reviewing the cases of their exploitation. This samiti comprises of the police superintendent, Chief Judicial magistrate/ family court judge, Joint director of social justice department, two legal advisers (nominated at state level representatives of reputed voluntary institutions and district deputy director, Mahila and Child development department member secretary.

This is a permanent samiti and it meets once in three months or as and when desired by the Chairman. This samiti provides to the oppressed and the destitute women temporary shelter, legal advice and assistance and necessary advice in relation to specific problems after reviewing the cases of exploitation.

Question 8.
Write about the Mass marriages grant rules.
Answer:
Mass Marriages Grant Rules:
In order to exercise control over the increasing ^tendency of unnecessary expenditure in marriage, the Mass Marriages Grant Rules were formulated in 1996 and they have been amended from time to time. Under this plan minimum of 10 pairs and maximum of 166 pairs , and at a time, can be given grant. 25% of the grant amount of per pair is given to the organizer and the remaining 75% per bride is put in the fixed deposit for three years.

Question 9.
What provisions have been made for women under the MNREGA?
Answer:
Following provisions have been made for Women through MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act):

  1. Priority will be given to women in the matters of employment and l/3rd of jobs will be for women.
  2. Women will be given wages at par with men.
  3. A woman labour will be appointed to look after the children at the work place provided there are more than five children below six years of age, accompanying the working women.
  4. Members for the rural level vigilance and supervisory bodies will be appointed by the Gram Sabha and the scheduled castes/ scheduled tribes and women will be given due representation in them.
  5. In the MAT panel of the state 50% women shall be included.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Analyse the three dimensional approach of the Rajasthan State Mahila Policy.
Answer:
Three Dimensional Approach: The most salient feature of the Rajasthan State Policy is that it has been drafted, by taking into consideration the fundamental principles of equality, social justice and equal citizenship as propounded by the constitution. For the sake of implementation, this policy has been given a three dimensional form which defines the feeling of the government in letter and spirit.
These three dimensions are as follows:

  1. Reaffirming Rights Perspective:
    The first dimension provides a philosophical foundation to this policy and enables us to move away from a welfare orientation to a rights and empowerment approach. In the present scenario it is important to create such an environment wherein the women do not depend fully on the social and governmental system but may become themselves empowered and play a decisive role in the development of their rights and liabilities. For this it is important to change the dominant mind-set of administrators, policy makers, political leaders and service providers towards women.
  2. Access to Women in difficult circumstances and special focus groups:
    The second dimension marks vulnerable sections of our society and acknowledges that all women do not belong to the same and undifferentiated category. This will help administrators and service providers to target their efforts at groups who need it most.
  3. Priority areas for suitable legislation, programme development observation and action:
    The third dimension lists priority areas for action by government, non-governmental organisations, various social institutions and the private sector. This will help them to prepare their work plans in their respective fields, keeping in view the priority areas.

Question 2.
Analyse the “The Reaffirming rights perspective “ of -one of the three dimensional approach of the women policy of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Analysis of Reaffirming a Rights perspective:
This policy reaffirms government’s committment to work towards realisation of fundamental rights of women. The government moved away from a welfare approach to women’s development, to empowerment approach during the women’s decade (1975-1985) and the government of India endorsed in December, 1979, an elimination of all forms of‘Discrimination Against Women’ of the United Nations. This convention reaffirmed the spirit of the constitution of India.
This policy document is rooted in Rights’ perspective and refers especially to the following points:

  1. Right to life, survival, means of livelihood, shelter and basic needs.
  2. Right to equal pay for equal work, non discriminatory work, environment and recognition of women’s contribution in human reproduction and concomitant right to child care, services for working women.
  3. Right to natural resources, and access to common property resources.
  4. Right to safe environment that supports life for present and future generation.
  5. Right to health care at all stages of life from infancy to old age.
  6. Right over one’s own body and right to reproductive choice.
  7. Right to education, information, skill development and other tools of knowledge.
  8. Right to protection from violence and bondage. Right to dignity and personhood, freedom from violence and violations of all kinds.
  9. Right to legal and social justice, including right to legal aid for poor women.
  10. Right to non-discriminatory personal law for women of all communities and castes.
  11. Right to equal access to public spaces, institutions and to employment.
  12. Right to participate as equals in political, administrative and social institutions of governance.
    These rights provide the philosophic base for the policy formation and knowledge.

Question 3.
Describe the Priority areas for suitable legislation, programme, development and action of the women policy of the Rajasthan State.
Answer:
Though this policy has been designed by the state government with the cooperation of and discussion with all concerned yet the government acknowledges that its implementation with success is neither possible, nor desirable, only by the government or its agencies. Therefore non-government and voluntaries organisations, academic institutions, social and community organisations, and ‘peoples’ representatives and other leading groups need to be associated for the implementation of the policy.

It should be accepted that for the empowerment of women, a multi-prolonged and united programme is needed in place of separate working plans of certain departments and organisations. For example it will be difficult to improve the health status of women in the absence of social services, meaningful education programmes etc. Social support services like childcare, clean drinking water, sanitation facilities, income generation opportunities and mechanism to deal within home and in the society have to be tackled simultaneously. Slowing down population growth will be impossible till both men and women feel secure about the survival of their children and the availability of facilities for livelihood. Transferring the burden of fertility transition to women and making them target for population control will not yield results.

Some of the important points relating to women development have been identified, the main departments have been listed and the concerned government departments have been entrusted with their responsibility. This has been done to facilitate the work of preparing an integrated plan for women development.
These three points are:

  1. Economic Empowerment.
  2. Social Support Services.
  3. Health Nutrition and Public Health (Water, sanitations etc.)

It is with the combined efforts of the central and the state governments that the integrated development of women can be possible.

Question 4.
List various programmes and Yojanas in operation in the Rajasthan state, for the Women empowerment.
Answer:
The Rajasthan state has been conducting the following major programmes and yojanas for the women empowerment:

  1. Women Development Programmes.
  2. Five Formulae Women Empowerment Programme.
  3. Mass Marriage subsidy/ grant rules.
  4. District Women Aid Samiti.
  5. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
  6. Janani Suraksha Yojana.
  7. Mukhyamantri Balika Sambal Yojana.
  8. Creche Yojana.
  9. Gender responsive Budgeting.
  10. Kishori Shakti Yojana.
  11. Women’s Self Help Programme.
  12. Mukhyamantri Seven Point Women Empowerment Programmes.

Others as –

  1. Upgrading of remaining 1262 girls schools to the High Primary Schools so as to control the 14% drop out rate.
  2. First three students from the government schools, appearing in the merit list of the Board of Secondary education shall be facilitated to get higher education (graduation level) abroad and the total expenditure on their education shall be borne by the Balika Education Foundation.
  3. Under the literacy and the constant education yojana, thousands of women have been literated in the special Shivirs organised for them.
  4. There are 19 women police thanas in the state and more are being set up. The women consultant and security centres and family help centres are helping the oppressed to find mutual solution to their family problems.
  5. Notification dated 13.12.2009 has been issued to open Mahila thanas in Sikar, Jalore, Banswara, Hanumangarh and Baran districts to put an end to the even of repression of cruelities on women.
  6. Further steps are being taken as per the amended government laws and notifications issued from time to time.

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