RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industry are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industry.
| Board | RBSE |
| Textbook | SIERT, Rajasthan |
| Class | Class 10 |
| Subject | Social Science |
| Chapter | Chapter 11 |
| Chapter Name | Manufacturing Industry |
| Number of Questions Solved | 75 |
| Category | RBSE Solutions |
Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing Industry Textbook Questions Solved
Multiple Choice Questions
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Sst Chapter 11 Question 1.
Which industry provides the maximum number of employment in the country?
(A) Cement industry
(B) Cotton textiles industry
(C) Iron and steel industry
(D) Paper industry
RBSE Class 10 Sst Chapter 11 Question 2.
The First Industrial Policy of India came into effect in which year?
(A) 1948
(B) 1954
(C) 1969
(D) 1965
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 Question 3.
Which of the following industry needs to be established near source of raw materials?
(A) Handicrafts
(B) Cotton textiles
(C) Iron and steel
(D) Paper
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Question 4.
The cotton textiles industry depends on artificial humidity in which of the following states?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Rajasthan
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
Factories of white cement are present at which of the following places?
(A) Lakheri
(B) Keshavrai Patan
(C) Modak
(D) Gautan and Kharia Khangar
Answer:
1. (B)
2. (A)
3. (C)
4. (D)
5. (D)
Manufacturing Industry Very Short Answer Type Questions
RBSE Solution Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Question 1.
Which is the oldest proof of iron and steel industry in India?
Answer:
Iron Pillar near Qutub Minar
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Sst Question 2.
The first cotton textile mill of India was established when and where?
Answer:
In 1818 at Fort Glauster in Calcutta
RBSE Solutions For Class 10 Hindi Chapter 11 Question 3.
What do you mean by manufacturing industry?
Answer:
The process of transformation in chemical and physical properties of substances (obtained from agriculture and mining) is called industry.
Class 10 Sst RBSE Solution Question 4.
The first iron and steel factory in India was established at which place?
Answer:
Burnpur in West Bengal
RBSE Solution Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
The cotton textile industry is present in which districts of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Bhilwara, Udaipur, Kota, Ganganagar and Pali.
RBSE Solution Class 10 Sst Question 6.
The factory for printing currency notes in India is at which place?
Answer:
Nasik
RBSE Solution Sst Class 10 Question 7.
Lead and zinc industry is present in which states of India?
Answer:
About 95% of country’s production of lead and zinc comes from Rajasthan.
RBSE Solutions Sst Class 10 Question 8.
Which city is also known as the Boston of East?
Answer:
Ahmadabad
Sst Class 10 RBSE Solutions Question 9.
Factories of magnesium sulphate and sodium phosphate are in which cities of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Sodium phosphate factory is in Didwana and magnesium sulphate factory is in Pachpadra.
Manufacturing Industry Short Answer Type Questions
RBSE Solutions For Class 10th Social Science Question 1.
Comment on development of cotton textiles industry in India.
Answer:
The cotton textile industry has grown 12 folds since independence. While total production of cotton textiles was 351 crore square meter in 1947, it has grown to 6500 crore square meter nowadays. But due to heavy local demand, most of the production is consumed within the country. Remaining produce is exported to Europe, Africa and Gulf countries. Indian cotton textile industry is also suffering from poor quality of raw materials, outdated machines and factories, products made from artificial fibre, and increasing cost of production.
RBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Question 2.
Comment on development of iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
Iron and steel industry in India began with foundation of Barakar Iron Works at Kulti in West Bengal. This industry was developed in different stages during different Five Year Plans; after independence. During the Second Five Year Plan factories were established at Durgapur (West Bengal) with British collaboration, at Rourkela (Odisha) with Russian collaboration, and at Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) with Russian collaboration. The steel plant at Bokaro (Jharkhand) was established during the Fourth Five Year Plan. The steel plant at Bokaro is the largest steel plant in Asia. The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was formed in 1973 to ensure qualitative growth in this industry. India was the 8th largest producer of wrought iron in the world in 2008. In 2015, it became the third largest producer of wrought iron in the world. The steel sector contributes 2% to the GDP and gives employment to more than 6 lakh people.
Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Question 3.
Comment on development of cement industry in India.
Answer:
The first modern factory of cement in India was started in 1904 at Chennai (Tamil Nadu). Around the same time factories were opened at Lakheri in Rajasthan (by Kilik Nixon Company), at Satna in Madhya Pradesh (by Khatau Company), and at Porbander (by Tata Sons Company). This is the second largest industry in the country in terms of production and employment. India is the second largest producer of cement in the world after China. This industry could be indigenized because of raw materials and cheap transport. Rajasthan is the largest producer of cement in the country.
RBSE Solution 10th Class Social Science Question 4.
Comment on distribution of paper industry in India.
Answer:
At present there are 800 small and big paper mills, with a production capacity of 128 lakh tonne. Paper mills are present in the following states:
- Titagarh, Raniganj, Triveni and Kolkata in West Bengal.
- Mumbai, Pune, Chandrapur, Khapoli, Pipri and Kampati in Maharashtra.
- Lucknow, Meerut, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Pantnagar and Basti in Uttar Pradesh.
- Bhopal, Riva, Hosangabad and Kamli in Madhya Pradesh.
- Bhadrawati, Bangalore, Ramnagar and Krishnarajsagar in Karnataka.
- Surat, Vapi, Vadodra and Rajkot in Gujarat.
RBSE Solutions Class 10 Sst Question 5.
Comment on development of cement industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan is the largest producer of cement in the country. Cement production in Rajasthan began in 1912-13 from Lakheri. The cement industry is concentrated along a belt around Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi and Sawaimadhopur. Additionally, some cement factories are also present in Udaipur, Nagaru, Pali and Sirohi. There are 16 large, 5 medium and 130 private cement factories in Rajasthan. Chittorgarh has 6 large factories of cement and hence this city is also called the Cement City. Rajasthan contributes 16% of total cement production in the country. 90% of cement production in Rajasthan is of Portland cement and 10% is white cement.
RBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Question Answer Question 6.
Comment on industrial development in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Compared to other states Rajasthan is underdeveloped in terms of industrialization. Rajasthan contributes 6% in total industrial production in the country. The industries contribute 30% to the state’s GDP. Most of the industries in Rajasthan is based on minerals and agriculture. Industry is mainly concentrated around Alwar, Dausa, Jodhpur, Bhilwara, Rajsamand, Kota, Baran, Ajmer and Pali districts. Rajasthan holds the leading position in jewels, jewellery, mica, cement, lead and zinc, salt, handicraft and oil production.
Manufacturing Industry Long Answer Type Questions
RBSE Class 10 Sst Chapter 11 Notes Question 1.
Explain the distribution and production of iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
Iron and steel industry in India began with the foundation of Barakar Iron Works at Kulti in West Bengal. But the real beginning happened with opening of the Tata Iron and Steel Company by Jamshedji Tata in 1907 at Sakchi in modern day Jharkhand.
This industry was developed in different stages during different Five Year Plans after independence. During the Second Five Year Plan factories were established at Durgapur (West Bengal) with British collaboration, at Rourkela (Odisha) with Russian collaboration, and at Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) with Russian collaboration. The steel plant at Bokaro (Jharkhand) was established during the Fourth Five Year Plan. The steel plant at Bokaro is the largest steel plant in Asia. The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was formed in 1973 to ensure qualitative growth in this industry. SAIL is the administrative body to look after all the steel factories under puhlic sector. Three other factories were included under the SAIL which include the factories at Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Salem (Tamil Nadu) and Vijaynagar (Karnataka).
Production: India was the 8th largest producer of wrought iron in the world in 2008. In 2015, it became the third largest producer of wrought iron in the world. India is the largest producer of Direct Reduced Iron (D. R. I.) or sponge iron. India is the third largest consumer of finished steel in the world after China and USA. The steel sector contributes 2% to the GDP and gives employment to more than 6 lakh people.
Question 2.
Explain the distribution of cotton textiles industry in India.
Answer:
This industry developed in those regions which had cotton growing areas, cheap transport, cheap labour and humid climate. Thus, this industry developed in following states:
1. Maharashtra: There are 112 mills in this state; and Bombay has maximum mills at 54. Additionally, cotton textile mills are also present at Solapur, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Jalgaon and Nagpur. This region has plenty of black soil in the hinterland, humid climate and proximity to the Bombay port. Hence, cotton textile industry has thrived in this region. This state produces 39% of cotton textiles of the country.
2. Gujarat: This is the second largest producer of cotton textiles. There are 135 mills in Gujarat; out of which 67 are at Ahmadabad. Additionally, mills are also present at Surat, Vadodra, Bhavnagar, Porbander, Rajkot and Bharuch. This region has grown because of cotton farming in hinterland, cheap labour, availability of capital and proximity to the Kandla port. This state produces 35% of cotton textiles in India.
3. Tamil Nadu: This is the largest cotton producer in south India. There are 205 mills in Tamil Nadu; out of which maximum mills are in Coimbatore. Additionally, cotton mills are also present at Madurai, Chennai, Perambur, Tiruchirapalli and Ramanathpuram. This region has developed well because of humid climate and Chennai port. This state produces 6% of cotton textiles in India.
4. Madhya Pradesh: There are 36 mills in this state and most of the mills are in Indore, Gwalior, Ujjain, Devas, Jabalpur and Ratlam. As this state has well developed transport network and dense population so cotton industiy has flourished here. Madhya Pradesh produces 5% of cotton textiles in the country.
5. West Bengal: There are 45 mills in West Bengal; and most of the mills are situated around Hooghly in Kolkata, Hooghly, Howrah and 24 Pargana. This industiy has developed in West Bengal due to local demand, proximity to Kolkata port, well developed transport network, and cheap labour due to dense population.
6. Rajasthan: The cotton textile industry is in nascent stage in Rajasthan. Cheap electricity from Chambal and Bhakra Nangal projects, cotton farming in plateau of Harauti and irrigated plains of Ghaghar have helped in flourishing mills in Bhilwara, Udaipur, Kota, Ganganagar and Pali.
7. Other States: Uttar Pradesh depends on cotton supply from other states. Cotton mills are present at Kanpur, Muradabad, Hathras and Varanasi in UP. Cotton mills are also present in Punjab (Amritsar, Ludhiana and Phagwara), Karnataka (Bellari, Mysore and Bangalore), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad, Warangal and Guntur), Kerala and Bihar.
Question 3.
Explain the problem of industrial pollution in India.
Answer:
Industrial development has facilitated urbanization in many parts of the country, e.g. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Nagpur, Surat, etc. These cities are suffering from high levels of pollution of water and air. According to Central Waste Water Regulation Board Ganga and its tributary Yamuna have become highly polluted because of numerous factories of leather, paper, fertilizer, chemicals and medicines along their banks. Similarly, Gomati near Lucknow has become polluted because of effluents from paper and sugar industries. Heaps of dead fish can often be seen in this river. According to a study, about 30% population of cities is suffering from respiratory diseases.
These diseases happen because of high level poisonous substances (carbon, lead, sulphur and other factors) in air. These substances react with nitrogen and oxygen that adversely affect human body, soil and water. This results in serious diseases that like cancer, blood disorders and skin disorders. One out of every 8 birds is on the verge of extinction in India. This is happening because of destruction of habitat and food of these birds due to industrialization, modes of transport and construction of roadways. Similarly, air pollution in cities causing acid rains which hampers soil fertility. Discharge of wastewater in rivers and lakes results in water pollution and soil pollution. Global warming is resulting in melting of glaciers which is drying up the sources of major rivers like Ganga and Yamuna.
Question 4.
What are the main industries in Rajasthan? Explain.
Answer:
Following are the main industries in Rajasthan:
1. Lead and Zinc Industry: This industiy has flourished in Jawar, Debari (Udaipur), Chanderia (Chittor), Rajpura Dariba and Rampura Dariba. This industry has developed near mines. Rest of the raw materials is brought from Malpur Banda, Chauth ka Barwara, and Gurha Kishoridas. About 95% of country’s demand for lead and zinc is fulfilled by Rajasthan.
2. Cement Industry: Rajasthan is the largest producer of cement in the country. The cement industry is concentrated along a belt around Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi and Sawaimadhopur. Additionally, some cement factories are also present in Udaipur, Nagaru, Pali and Sirohi. There are 16 large, 5 medium and 130 private cement factories in Rajasthan. Chittorgarh has 6 large factories of cement and hence this city is also called the Cement City. Rajasthan contributes 16% to total cement production in the country. 90% of cement production in Rajasthan is of Portland cement and 10% is white cement.
3. Handicraft Industry: Rajasthan is famous for its handicrafts. Carving of jewels and making of jewellery is concentrated around Jaipur, Pratapgarh and Nathdwara. Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur are the centres for statues and artifacts. Bangles and lac items are made in Jaipur. Barmer, Pali and Saganer are famous for printing, dyeing and bandhni (tie dye). Jodhpur, Jaipur, Ajmer and Barmer are famous for leather items.
4. Marble Industry: Rajasthan is famous for high grade marble. Units of cutting, polishing and carving of mica are present in Makratna, Sirohi, Rajnagar, Chittor, Udaipur and Kishangarh.
5. Salt and Chemicals Industry: Salt has been made from various runns and lakes of saline water in Rajasthan since ancient times. The largest saline water lake Sambhar Lake is in Rajasthan. This lake produces the largest amount of salt in the country. Additionally, sodium sulphate factory is in Didwana and magnesium sulphate factory is in Pachpadra.
6. Wool Industry: Most of the sheep and wool-giving animals are reared in Rajasthan. This ensures good availability of raw materials for this industry. Bikaner, Jodhpur, Barmer and Pali are the centres for woolen blanket and ‘namda’ carpets.
7. Cotton Textiles Industry: The cotton textiles industry is in nascent stage in Rajasthan. Mills of cotton textiles are in Bhilwara, Udaipur, Kota, Ganganagar and Pali. Coolants are used to maintain artificial humidity in these factories. These factories produce 4% of cotton textiles of countiy. Suiting and shirting are the main items produced in Rajasthan.
8. Oilseeds Industry: Rajasthan is the number one oilseeds producer in the country. Oil pressing units for groundnut, mustard, soyabean, flex, and castor are present at Bharatpur, Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa, Kota and Bundi.
Manufacturing Industry Additional Questions Solved
Manufacturing Industry Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Industrialization in India began with establishment of factory of which item?
(A) Cotton textiles
(B) Jute textiles
(C) Iron and steel
(D) Cement
Question 2.
The steel plant at Bokaro was established during which Five Year Plan?
(A) First Five Year Plan
(B) Second Five Year Plan
(C) Third Five Year Plan
(D) Fourth Five Year Plan
Question 3.
Which country is the largest consumer of finished steel in the world?
(A) India
(B) China
(C) USA
(D) Russia
Question 4.
The steel industry directly employs how many people in our country?
(A) 2 lakh
(B) 4 lakh
(C) 6 lakh
(D) 8 lakh
Question 5.
What is the contribution of cotton textiles industry to the GDP of India?
(A) 14%
(B) 24%
(C) 34%
(D) 44%
Question 6.
When was the first industrial policy implemented in post-independence India?
(A) 1947
(B) 1948
(C) 1950
(D) 1952
Question 7.
TISCO is owned by which private group?
(A) Reliance
(B) Birla
(C) Tata
(D) Bhusan Steel
Question 8.
The largest steel plant in Asia is at
(A) Durgapur
(B) Rourkela
(C) Jamshedpur
(D) Bokaro
Question 9.
Which state is the largest cotton producer in south India?
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Kerala
(D) Karnataka
Question 10.
What is the percentage of Portland cement to total cement production in Rajasthan?
(A) 10%
(B) 30%
(C) 50%
(D) 90%
Question 11.
Which city is known as the ‘Cement City’ of Rajasthan?
(A) Jaipur
(B) Chittorgarh
(C) Jodhpur
(D) Sawai Madhopur
Question 12.
Paper for currency notes is produced in which state?
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Uttar Pradesh
Question 13.
What is the contribution of industries to GDP in Rajasthan?
(A) 10%
(B) 20%
(C) 30%
(D) 40%
Question 14.
Which is the largest saline water lake in India?
(A) Chilka Lake
(B) Sambhar Lake
(C) Husain Sagar Lake
(D) Wular Lake
Question 15.
Which state is the largest producer of lead and zinc in India?
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Odisha
(D) Jharkhand
Answer:
- (A)
- (D)
- (B)
- (C)
- (A)
- (B)
- (C)
- (D)
- (A)
- (D)
- (B)
- (C)
- (C)
- (B)
- (A)
Fill in the blanks
1. Industry facilitates the growth of the ………………………..
2. Industrialization in India began with establishment of ………………….. industry.
3. Paper is made from ……………………..
4. The …………………… Commission facilitated the development of industry in India.
5. The steel plant at Durgapur was established during ………….. Five Year Plan.
6. The steel plant at Bokaro was established during …………….. Five Year Plan.
7. …………………. is the largest producer of cotton textiles among all states of India. is also known as the Boston of the East. are
8. ……………….. is also known as theBoston of the East.
9. …………………….. are used to maintain humidity in cotton mills in Rajasthan.
Answer:
- Economy
- Cotton textile industry
- Wood pulp
- Planning
- Second
- Fourth
- Maharashtra
- Ahmadabad
- Coolants
Match Columns
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
1. Bokaro |
(A) Leading city in cotton textiles |
|
2. Jamshedpur |
(B) Leading state in cement production |
|
3. Rajasthan |
(C) Steel plant under Private Sector |
|
4. Ahmadabad |
(D) Steel plant under Public Sector |
Answer:
- (D)
- (C)
- (B)
- (A)
Manufacturing Industry Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
The first industrial policy stressed on which factors?
Answer:
The industrial policy stressed on employment generation, reduction of regional imbalance, improvement of availability of capital and raw materials, improvement in technology; so that better products could be made at low cost.
Question 2.
Which was the first private sector iron and steel factory of India which is functional even at present?
Answer:
Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur
Question 3.
What is the full form of SAIL?
Answer:
Steel Authority of India Limited.
Question 4.
After agriculture which sector is the second largest employer in India?
Answer:
Textile industry
Question 5.
Which state is the largest producer of cement in India?
Answer:
Rajasthan
Question 6.
What is the full form of TISCO?
Answer:
Tata Iron and Steel Company
Question 7.
The iron and steel industry in India began in which century?
Answer:
20th century
Question 8.
Which is the largest steel plant in terms of production capacity in India?
Answer:
TISCO at Jamshedpur
Question 9.
How many people are employed in different cotton textiles mills in India?
Answer:
40 lakh
Question 10.
Name the cities where cotton textiles mills are present in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Mumbai, Solapur, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Jalgaon and Nagpur.
Question 11.
Name the cities where cotton textiles mills are present in Gujarat.
Answer:
Ahmadabad, Surat, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, Porbander, Rajkot and Bharuch.
Question 12.
Name the cities of the main cement belt in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi, Sawai-madhopur.
Question 13.
Most of the paper in India is made from which raw material?
Answer:
Sugarcane extract.
Question 14.
Lead and zinc industry is situated in which towns of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Jawar, Debari (Udaipur), Chanderia (Chittor), Rajpura Dariba and Rampura Dariba
Question 15.
Which cities of Rajasthan are famous for leather items?
Answer:
Jodhpur, Jaipur, Ajmer and Barmer.
Question 16.
The first iron and steel factory under public sector came up at which place?
Answer:
Durgapur (West Bengal).
Question 17.
What is the responsibility of SAIL?
Answer:
SAIL is the administrative body to look after all the steel factories under public sector.
Question 18.
What are the reasons for development of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra?
Answer:
Maharashtra has plenty of black soil in the hinterland, humid climate and proximity to the Bombay port. Hence, cotton textile industry has thrived in this region.
Question 19.
What are the reasons for development of cotton textile industry in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Cheaper electricity from Chambal and Bhakra Nangal projects, cotton farming in plateau of Harauti and irrigated plains of Ghaghar have helped in flourishing of cotton mills in Rajasthan.
Question 20.
What are the harms of acid rain?
Answer:
Acid rain is harmful for aquatic plants and animals. It also damages terrestrial life forms. Thus, acid rain disturbs the ecosystem especially the aquatic ecosystem.
Question 21.
What are the harms of global warming?
Answer:
Global warming has following harms:
- Overall temperature of, the earth has increased; resulting in extremely hot summer months.
- Glaciers are melting causing increased cases of flash floods.
- Icebergs are melting causing a rise in sea level.
Question 22.
Which state is the largest producer of cement in India?
Answer:
Rajasthan.
Question 23.
Which state is the largest producer of edible oil in India?
Answer:
Rajasthan
Manufacturing Industry Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the development of iron and steel industry during initial phases of Five Year Plans in India.
Answer:
This industry was developed in different stages during different Five Year Plans after independence. During the Second Five Year Plan factories were established at Durgapur (West Bengal) with British collaboration, at Rourkela (Odisha) with Russian collaboration, and at Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) with Russian collaboration. The steel plant at Bokaro (Jharkhand) was established during the Fourth Five Year Plan. The steel plant at Bokaro is the largest steel plant in Asia.
Question 2.
Write a short note on cotton textile industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The cotton textile industry is in nascent stage in Rajasthan. Cheap electricity from Chambal and Bhakra Nangal projects, cotton farming in plateau of Harauti and irrigated plains of Ghaghar have helped in flourishing of mills in Bhilwara, Udaipur, Kota, Ganganagar and Pali. Coolants are used to maintain humidity in mills of Rajasthan. About 4% of country’s cotton is produced in this state which specializes in making cloths for suiting and shirting.
Question 3.
Write a short note on lead and zinc industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The Aravali hills of Rajasthan have the largest deposits of lead and zinc in the country. Hence, this industry has flourished in Jawar, Debari (Udaipur), Chanderia (Chittor), Rajpura Dariba and Rampura Dariba. This industry has developed near mines. Rest of the raw materials is brought from Malpur Banda, Chauth ka Barwara, and Gurha Kishoridas. About 95% of country’s demand for lead and zinc is fulfilled by Rajasthan.
Question 4.
Write a short note on handicraft industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan is famous for its handicrafts. Carving of jewels and making of jewellery is concentrated around Jaipur, Pratapgarh and Nathdwara. Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur are the centres for statues and artifacts. Bangles and lac items are made in Jaipur. Barmer, Pali and Saganer are famous for printing, dyeing and bandhni (tie dye). Jodhpur, Jaipur, Ajmer and Barmer are famous for leather items.
Question 5.
Write a short note on salt and chemicals industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Salt has been made from various runns and lakes of saline water in Rajasthan since ancient times. The largest saline water lake Sambhar Lake is in Rajasthan. This lake produces the largest amount of salt in the country. Additionally, sodium sulphate factory is in Didwana and magnesium sulphate factory is in Pachpadra.
Question 6.
Write a short note on cotton textiles industry in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Maharashtra is the first state in production of cotton textiles. There are 112 mills in this state and Bombay has maximum mills at 54. Bombay is also called the cotton textile capital of India. Additionally, cotton textile mills are also present at Solapur, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Jalgaon and Nagpur. This mills produce variety of cloths like poplin, muslin, sari, dhoti, bed-sheet, suiting and shirting. This region has plenty of black soil in the hinterland, humid climate and proximity to the Bombay port. Hence, cotton textile industry has thrived in this region. This state produces 39% of cotton textile of the country.
Question 7.
Write a short note on cotton textiles industry in Gujarat.
Answer:
Gujarat is the second largest producer of cotton textiles. There are 135 mills in Gujarat; out of which 67 are at Ahmadabad. The city of Ahmadabad is also known as the Boston of the East. Additionally, mills are also present at Surat, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, Porbander, Rajkot and Bharuch. This region has grown because of cotton farming in hinterland, cheap labour, availability of capital and proximity to the Kandla port. This state produces 35% of cotton textiles in India.
Question 8.
Write a short note on cement industry in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Answer:
Both Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are leading states in cement production and produce 22% of country’s cement production. Raw material is obtained from the Kaimur hills. Most of the 17 big factories are in Katni, Satna, Durg, Mandhar, Banmor, Neemach, Ratlam, Devas, Nagda, Akaltara, Jamul, Tilda and Mehar.
Question 9.
What is the current status of industrialization in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Compared to other states; Rajasthan is underdeveloped in terms of industrialization. Rajasthan contributes 6% of total industrial production in the country. The industries contribute 30% to the state’s GDP. Most of the industries in Rajasthan is based on minerals and agriculture. Industry is mainly concentrated around Alwar, Dausa, Jodhpur, Bhilwara, Rajsamand, Kota, Baran, Ajmer and Pali districts. Rajasthan holds the leading position in jewels, jewellery, mica, cement, lead & zinc, salt, handicraft and oil production.
Manufacturing Industry Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is industrialization and what are its benefits? Briefly explain the beginning of modern industry in India.
Answer:
The process of transformation in chemical and physical properties of substances (obtained from agriculture and mining) is called industry. Industry is an important link in the pillars of modern economy. Industry creates employment and develops the trade and related economic components. Thus, industry facilitates the growth of economy. Industrialization in India began with establishment of cotton textiles industry in Bombay in 1845 and of jute industry in Calcutta in 1855. These were the only industries which developed in India till the First World War. The first industrial policy was implemented in 1948 after the independence. The industrial policy stressed on employment generation, reduction of regional imbalance, improvement of availability of capital and raw materials, improvement in technology so that better products could be made at low cost. The Planning Commission facilitated the road towards progress. Through Five Year Plans the Planning Commission facilitated the development of iron and steel industry, cotton textiles, cement industry, paper industry and sugar industry.
Question 2.
Explain the initial development of cement industry in India. What is the situation of this industry in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The first modern factory of cement in India was started in 1904 at Chennai (Tamil Nadu) in which cement was made from mussels. But this endeavour proved to be a failure. After that the first cement factory opened in 1914 at Porbander in Gujarat by Indian Cement Company. Around the same time factories were opened at Lakheri in Rajasthan (by Kilik Nixon Company), at Satna in Madhya Pradesh (by Khatau Company), and at Porbander (by Tata Sons Company).
Rajasthan is the top producer of cement in the country. The cement industry in Rajasthan began with the opening of a factory at Lakheri in 1912-13. This industry is concentrated around Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi, Sawai-madhopur in one belt. Some factories are also at Udaipur, Nagaur, Pali and Sirohi. There are 16 large, 5 medium and 130 private cement factories in Rajasthan. Chittorgarh has six large factories of cement and hence it is called the ‘Cement City’ of Rajasthan. Rajasthan produces about 16% of cement produced in the country. About 90% cement produced in the state is Portland cement and 10% is white cement. Factories of white cement are at Gotan (Nagaur) and Kharia Khangar (Jodhpur). Some famous companies have their factories in Rajasthan, e.g. J.K. cement, Mangalam Ceemnt, Binani Cement, J. K. Lakshmi Cement, etc.
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