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Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Technology with a Human Face
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RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Textual Activities
Activity – I : Comprehension
Question 1.
Does the writer argue convincingly that modern technology has evolved to be more and more inhuman and led to more problems in both rich and poor nations?
क्या लेखक विश्वास के साथ तर्क दे रहे हैं कि आधुनिक तकनीक अधिकाधिक अमानवीय बनकर विकसित हुई है और धनवान व निर्धन राष्ट्रों की समस्या को बढ़ाया ही है?
Answer:
Yes, the writer argues convincingly. Modern technology is inhuman. It does not recognise self-limit principle. It acts like a foreign body. It is suffocating and debilitating. It has led to the virtual exhaustion of non-renewable resources, Modern technology created more problems. Unemployment touches the level of 30%. Poverty hasn’t been alleviated. In needs a huge capital investment. People are becoming neurosis.
हाँ, लेखक विश्वास के साथ तर्क दे रहे हैं। आधुनिक तकनीक अमानवीय है। यह स्वतः सीमितता के नियम को नहीं जानती है। यह एक बाह्य तत्त्व के रूप में कार्य करती है। यह दमघोंटू व दुर्बल करने वाली है। यह अनव्यकरणीय संसाधनों को समाप्ति के कगार पर ले गई है। आधुनिक तकनीक ने समस्याएँ बढ़ाई ही हैं। बेरोजगारी 30% के स्तर को छू रही है। गरीबी हटी नहीं है। इसमें अत्यधिक पूँजी निवेश चाहिए। लोग विक्षिप्त हो रहे हैं।
Question 2.
Explain the writer’s concept of ‘technology with a human face’ and find out how it would tide over the crises of the super-technology of the rich.
लेखक की ‘एक मानवीय चेहरे वाली तकनीक की अवधारणा को स्पष्ट करें और पता लगाएं कि यह धनवानों की उत्कृष्ट तकनीक से उत्पन्न संकटों को कैसे दूर करेगी?
Answer:
The writer’s concept of ‘technology with a human face’ helps human to become far more productive than they have ever been before. It does not make human hands and brains redundant. It would tide over the crises of the super-technology of the rich by the system of production by the masses. It uses the clever brains and skillful hands of the masses and supports them with first class tools.
लेखक की ‘मानवीय चेहरे वाली तकनीक की अवधारणा मानव को पहले से भी अधिक उत्पादनकारी बनने में सहायता करती है। यह मानव मस्तिष्क के हाथों को व्यर्थ/बेकार नहीं करती है। यह धनवानों की उत्कृष्ट तकनीक से उत्पन्न संकटों को ‘अधिसंख्य लोगों द्वारा उत्पादन की प्रणाली से दूर करेगी। यह तकनीक अधिसंख्य लोगों के चतुर मस्तिष्क व कुशल हाथों का प्रयोग करेगी और प्रथम श्रेणी के उपकरणों से उनकी सहायता करेगी।
Say whether the following are True or False. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket :
- The modern world has been shaped by science and technology.
- According to the author, the question of what technology actually does for us is worthy of investigation.
- Modern technology has deprived man of the most creative work.
- A real work has therapeutic value.
- The poor of the world, according to Gandhi, can be helped only by production by the masses.
- The writer compares the present consumer society to a drug addict.
Answer:
- True
- True
- True
- True
- True
- True
Activity – 2 : Vocabulary
Choose the correct meaning of the word from the options given below:
Question 1.
Cessation
a. protection
b. an end
c. dominated
d. involved
Answer:
(b) an end
Question 2.
inroads
a. problems
b. attacking
c. laying new roads
d. to use a large part of something
Answer:
(b) attacking
Question 3.
alleviate
a. calculate
b. condition
c . increase.
d. reduce
Answer:
(d) reduce
Question 4.
endemic
a. common
b. endanger
C. painful d.
d. energise
Answer:
(b) endanger
Question 5.
exceedingly
a. expensive
b. increasingly
c. extremely
d. in excess
Answer:
(c) extremely
Question 6.
literally
a. realistically
b. literary
c. literacy
d. adequately
Answer:
(a) realistically
Question 7.
chore
a. work done regularly
b. anxiety
c. violence
d. symptom
Answer:
(a) work done regularly
Question 8.
accumulation
a. accurate
b. collection
c. accusing
d. consideration
Answer:
(b).collection
Question 9.
foreseen
a. understand
b. enhance
c. predicted
d. apparent
Answer:
(c) predicted
Question 10.
presupposes
a. pretends
b. assumes as truth
c. considers
d. preserves
Answer:
(b) assumes as truth.
Activity – 3 : Grammar
Compare the sentences in each of the following pairs :
Ramesh eats an apple every day.
An apple is eaten by Ramesh every day.
One of the boys saved his son.
His son was saved (by one of the boys.)
He will pay me the money.
I will be paid the money by him.
or
The money will be paid to me by him.
प्रत्येक जोड़े में पहला वाक्य active voice में तथा दूसरा वाक्य passive voice में है। Active voice में grammatical subject (व्याकरणीय कर्ता) कार्य को करने वाला है और वाक्य बताता है कि ‘कौन क्या कर रहा है। Passive voice यह बताता है कि वाक्य के subject (कर्ता) के साथ क्या किया गया है। कार्य करने वाला व्यक्ति या वस्तु का उल्लेख हो भी सकता है या नहीं भी हो सकता है किन्तु यह हमेशा अन्तर्निहित होता है।
Active
Ramesh eats an apple every day
Subject Active voice Object
Passive
An apple is eaten every day.
by Ramesh Subject Adverb
Passive voice verb doer or agent adverb Passive voice का प्रयोग मितव्ययता से करें। एक सामान्य नियम यह है कि passive voice का प्रयोग रिपोर्टिंग के उद्देश्य से करें या तब जब आपके वाक्य को कर्ता अनजाना या महत्त्वहीन है। Passive voice का प्रयोग केवल transitive verbs के साथ ही करें। Intransitive verbs जैसे कि happen, occur व try (to) को passive voice में प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं। एक Passive voice वाक्य की complete verb में क्रिया be की form व इसके बाद past participle होता है।
receiver as verb : be + doer omitted or.
subject past participle named after by
→ The windows are cleaned (by someone) every month.
→ The windows were being cleaned yesterday afternoon.
→ The windows will have been cleaned by the end of the day, HEP 4 ta for would, can, could, should, may, might, must it will बदला जा सकता है यदि अर्थ ऐसी माँग करता है। The windows might be cleaned next month. get-passive की दशा में किसी agent की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है।
→ They got married.
→ They were married (by a priest). एक dynamic passive Voice तथा एक stative passive voice में अंतर को ध्यान से देखें। एक dynamic passive में action होता है तथा stative passive में state (स्थिति) होती
Dynamic The letter was written on February 1, 2004
Passive When was this house constructed?
Stative Your Shirt is torn.
Passive My heart is broken.
अभिव्यक्तियाँ जैसे He was born in 1947. She is finished. He is drunk. आदि idiomatic मानी जाती हैं क्योंकि इनमें न तो agent का प्रयोग है व न ही object-subject सम्बन्ध है। वैज्ञानिक लेखन में, passive voice को प्रधानता दी जाती है ताकि objective प्रक्रियाओं को इंगित किया जा सके। वैज्ञानिक तथा अभियंता आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण में रुचि रखते हैं तथा उन चीजों का अध्ययन करने में रुचि रखते हैं जो अनुसंधानकर्ता दोहरा न सके। अतः व्यक्तिगत परीक्षण अपेक्षाकृत महत्त्वहीन है और अक्सर वाक्य को subject नहीं होता है।
→ The experiment was conducted in a classroom. Participants were instructed to remove their watches prior to the experiment. Passive voice
का अत्यधिक प्रयोग न करें। आपका लेखन स्पष्ट व प्रभावी होगा यदि आप कर्ता का नाम लिखते हैं और verb को active voice में प्रयोग करते हैं यह बताने के लिए कि ‘कौन क्या कर रहा है। यदि आप passive voice का अत्यधिक प्रयोग करते हैं तो परिणाम होगा कि वाक्य नीरस व अवैयक्तिक हो जायेंगे।
Unnecessary He was alerted to the danger of drugs by his doctor and Passive
Passive was persuaded by her to enrol in a treatment programme.
Revised His doctor alerted him to the danger of drugs and
persuaded him to enrol in a treatment programme.
प्रश्न, आदेश व प्रार्थना वाले passive voice केवल तब प्रयोग करने चाहिए, जब विशेष प्रभाव डालने की जरूरत हो। जिन वाक्यों को स्टार का चिन्ह लगाया गया है वे आधुनिक अंग्रेजी में सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग नहीं होते हैं। ऐसे वाक्यों से बचना चाहिए।
Did you write this letter? Was this letter written by you?
Do the doctors here make such mistakes?
Are such mistakes made by the doctors here?
How many people attended the meeting?
By how many people was the meeting attended?
Who did this?
Who was it done by?
By whom was it done?
Please open the door.
You are requested to open the door.
Write his name.
Let his name be written.
Exercise
A. Mahesh was given the following oral instructions/information at the time he opened an R.D, account in a post office. Can you rewrite these in the form in which they would be found in a passbook supplied by the post office. The first is done as an example.
महेश को निम्न मौखिक निर्देश/सूचना तब दी गई जब वह डाकखाने में R.D. खाता खुलवाने गया। क्या आप इन्हें उस रूप में लिख सकते हैं जो डाकखाने द्वारा दी गई पासबुक में लिखा होता है। पहला वाक्य उदाहरण के रूप में लिखकर दिया जा रहा है।
- We accept recurring deposits in equal monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples. Recurring deposits are accepted in monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples.
- The depositor should, at the time of opening the account, stipulate both the amount of monthly instalment and the number of instalments payable.
- The depositor can make deposits by way of cash or by mail transfer.
- The depositor must pay the instalment for any calendar month on or before the last working day of the month.
- We will not make repayment of the deposit without production of the passbook.
- You can transfer a Recurring Deposit account from one branch to another.
- The Post office will repay the balance in the account together with the interest accrued one month after you pay the last instalment.
Answer:
- Recurring deposits are accepted in monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples.
- Both the amount of monthly instalment and the number of instalments payable should be stipulated at the time of opening the account.
- Deposits by way of cash or by mail transfer can be made.
- The instalment must be paid for any calendar month on or before the last working day of the month.
- Repayment of the deposit without production of the passbook won’t be made.
- A Recurring Deposit account can be transferred from one branch to another.
- The balance in the account will be repaid together with the interest accrued one month after the last instalment is paid.
B. Put the following sentences into passive voice :
निम्न वाक्यों को passive voice में बदलें
- We sell eggs here.
- He paid ten rupees to each worker.
- I have given him a beautiful gift.
- Someone will send you a complete list.
- Where did you find this ring?
- Do you allow children here?
Answer:
- Eggs are sold here.
- Ten rupees were paid to each worker by him.
- He was given a beautiful gift by me.
or
A beautiful gift was given to him by me. - A complete list will be sent to you.
or
You will be sent a complete list. - Where was this ring found (by you)?
- Are children allowed here (by you)?
Activity – 4 : Speech Activity
Write an imaginary argumentative conversation between a friend and you who have diametrically opposite views on technology, one supporting high-technology and the other production by masses.
एक काल्पनिक तार्किक वार्तालाप लिखिए जो आपके व आपके मित्र के बीच है जो तकनीक पर आपसे बिल्कुल विपरीत विचार रखता है, एक उत्कृष्ट-तकनीक को तथा दूसरा अधिसंख्य लोगों द्वारा उत्पादन को समर्थन देता हुआ तर्क दे।
Answer:
Mahesh : Hi ! Ramesh.
Ramesh : Hi ! Mahesh.
Mahesh : Nowadays appliances are becoming high-tech.
Ramesh : They are becoming inhuman too.
Mahesh : I like high-technology
Ramesh : I like people’s technology.
Mahesh : (Surprisingly). What is it?
Ramesh : It is production by masses. People use their clever brains and skillful hands.
Mahesh : High-technology saves time.
Ramesh : High-technology gives neurosis, unemployment and so on.
Mahesh : Sorry, I am to go now.
Ramesh : Thanks for a good conversation.
Activity – 5 : Composition
Taking a stand against the writer’s anti-technological perception, write an essay establishing that all nations, irrespective of their economic status, should possess super-technology rather than people’s technology.
लेखक के तकनीक-विरोधी दृष्टिकोण के विरुद्ध एक पक्ष लेते हुए एक निबंध यह विचार स्थापित करते हुए लिखें कि सभी राष्ट्र, अपनी आर्थिक स्थिति से हटकर उत्कृष्ट-तकनीक को अपनाएँ बजाय लोक तकनीक के।
Answer:
Possess super-technology rather than people’s technology This is the age of science and technology. Scientists throughout the world making the present technology superior. Every nation of the world should possess this super-technology rather than people’s technology. The latter advocates for the use of people’s clever brains and skillful hands. Super-technology is the need of the hour.
All the nations of the world, irrespective of their economic status, should possess it. It has created wonderful domestic and official appliances, such as, television, washing machine, microwave oven, vacuum cleaner, airconditioner, water-purifier, door-sensors, mobile, computer, internet, fax, photocopier, GPS, laptop and so forth. Super-technology has developed space and defence technology. Inter-planetary life may be possible soon. Multiple launching of satelites have been possible. Anti-missile missile has been developed. Super technology is helping health and education. There are computerised tests and diagnosis. Satellite education is attracting students. Trade, commerce and industry are using this technology. Almost every sphere of life is using it.
RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Additional Questions
Short Answer Type Questions (Word Limit : 10-15 Words)
Question 1.
What have shaped the modern world?
किन्होंने आधुनिक विश्व को आकार दिया है?
Answer:
Metaphysics, education and the technology have shaped the modern world.
गूढ़ चिंतन, शिक्षा व तकनीक ने आधुनिक विश्व को आकार दिया है।
Question 2.
Which principle does technology not recognise?
तकनीक, किस सिद्धान्त का पालन नहीं करती है?
Answer:
Technology does not recognise the principle of self-limit, self-balancing, self-adjusting, self-cleansing etc.
तकनीक, स्वतः सीमितता, स्वतः संतुलन, स्वतः समायोजन, स्वतः स्वच्छता आदि के सिद्धान्त का पालन नहीं करती है।
Question 3.
Why does the writer call this development tempestuous?
लेखक, इस विकास को तूफानी क्यों कहते हैं?
Answer:
The writer says so because everywhere the problems seem to be growing faster than the solutions.
लेखक ऐसा इसलिए कहते हैं क्योंकि हर जगह हल की बजाय समस्याएँ तेजी से बढ़ती प्रतीत हो रही हैं।
Question 4.
What is the primary task of technology?
तकनीक का प्रमुख कार्य क्या है?
Answer:
The primary task of technology is to lighter the burden of work and develop man’s potential.
तकनीक का प्रमुख कार्य काम के बोझ को हल्का करना व मानव की क्षमता को विकसित करना है।
Question 5.
In which type of work is modern technology most successful?
किस प्रकार के कार्य में आधुनिक तकनीक सर्वाधिक सफल रही है?
Answer:
Modern technology is most successful in reducing or eliminating skillful, productive work of human hands.
आधुनिक तकनीक, मानव हाथ के कुशल व उत्पादनकारी कार्य को कम करने या समाप्त करने में सर्वाधिक सफल रही है।
Question 6.
What does the writer mean by ‘total social time’?
‘कुल समाज समय से लेखक का क्या आशय है?
Answer:
By ‘total social time’, the writer means the time all of us have together, twenty-four hours a day each.’
‘कुल समाज समय’ से लेखक का आशय उस समय से है जो हम सभी के पास है अर्थात् प्रत्येक दिन के चौबीस घंटे’।
Question 7.
On what do we spend 96.5% of total social time?
हम हमारे कुल समाज समय का 96.5% किस पर खर्च करते हैं?
Answer:
We spend 96.5% of total social time on sleeping, eating, watching television, indirectly productive jobs or just killing time more or less humanely.
हमारे कुल समाज समय का 96.5% हम शयन, भोजन, टेलीविजन देखने, अप्रत्यक्ष उत्पादनकारी कार्यों, या कम या ज्यादा मानवोचित रीति से नष्ट करते हैं।
Question 8.
Which kind of work has modern technology given to man?
किस प्रकार के काम आधुनिक तकनीक ने मानव को दिये हैं?
Answer:
Modern technology has given to man plenty of work of a fragmented kind.
आधुनिक तकनीक ने मानव को टूटे-फूटे बहुत से काम दे दिये हैं।
Question 9.
What is the percentage of directly productive time?
प्रत्यक्ष उत्पादनकारी समय का प्रतिशत क्या है?
Answer:
The percentage of directly productive time is 3.5% of total social time.
प्रत्यक्ष उत्पादनकारी समय कुल समाज समय का 3.5% है।
Question 10.
What is now the rarest privilege?
आज दुर्लभ अधिकार क्या है?
Answer:
To work usefully, creatively with his own hands and brain is now rarest privilege.
अपने स्वयं के हाथों व मस्तिष्क से लाभदायक व सृजनात्मक काम करना आज दुर्लभ अधिकार हो गया है।
Question 11.
What is not romantic and utopian here?
यहाँ क्या कल्पित एवं आदर्श नहीं है?
Answer:
What we have today in modern industrial society is not romantic and utopian.
आज इस आधुनिक औद्योगिक समाज में जो कुछ भी हमारे पास है वह न कल्पित है और न आदर्श
Question 12.
Which lifestyle should we develop?
कौनसी लाइफस्टाइल (जीवनशैली) हमें विकसित करनी चाहिए?
Answer:
We should develop a lifestyle which is compatible with the real needs of human nature and resource endowment of the world.
हमें ऐसी जीवनशैली विकसित करनी चाहिए जो मानव प्रकृति की वास्तविक आवश्यकताओं तथा विश्व के अक्षय संसाधन के अनुकूल हो।
Question 13.
From what does the writer compare the present consumer society?
लेखक वर्तमान उपभोक्ता समाज की किससे तुलना करता है?
Answer:
The writer compares the present consumer society with a drug addict.
लेखक वर्तमान उपभोक्ता समाज की तुलना एक नशेबाज से करता है।
Question 14.
What is like a providential blessing?
क्या बात दैवीय आशीर्वाद के समान है?
Answer:
The rich countries are trying to mitigate the poverty of the Third World. This is like providential blessing.
धनवान राष्ट्र तीसरे विश्व की गरीबी को कम करने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं। यह दैवीय आशीर्वाद के समान है।
Question 15.
How according to Gandhi can the poor be helped?
गाँधी के अनुसार गरीबों की सहायता कैसे की जा सकती है?
Answer:
According to Gandhi the poor can be helped by production by the masses.
गाँधी के अनुसार, अधिसंख्य लोगों द्वारा उत्पादन कार्य करने से गरीबों की सहायता की जा सकती है।
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