Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Gandhism
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Text book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following was not considered as the values of life by Gandhiji?
(a) Non-violence (Ahimsa)
(b) Truth
(c) Love
(d) Collection of Wealth
Answer:
(d) Collection of Wealth
Question 2.
Which idea of Karl Marx was supported by Gandhiji?
(a) Class struggle
(b) Materialistic explanation of history
(c) Stateless and classless society
(d) Theory of surplus value
Answer:
(c) Stateless and classless society
Question 3.
Gandhiji’s famous book which gives glimpse of his political philosophy is:
(a) Hind Swaraj
(b) Discovery of India
(c) Geetanjali
(d) Leviathan
Answer:
(a) Hind Swaraj
Question 4.
Hijrat means :
(a) Going on Hajj
(b) Going somewhere leaving own’s home
(c) Non-violent movement
(d) Social boycott
Answer:
(b) Going somewhere leaving own’s home
Question 5.
The meaning of trusteeship is that a person:
(a) Is the owner of public property
(b) Is trustee of public property
(c) Cannot keep personal property
(d) Give up the property
Answer:
(b) Is trustee of public property
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the four key values of life given by Gandhiji.
Answer:
The four key values of life are : Truth, non-violence, love and brotherhood.
Question 2.
What is Gandhism?
Answer:
It is another name of Gandhiji’s ideas and ideals.
Question 3.
Which religious texts influenced Gandhiji most?
Answer:
Patanjali’s Yogsutra, Upanishad, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagwat Geeta, and Bible influenced Gandhiji most.
Question 4.
Where was Gandhiji’s first laboratory?
Answer:
South Africa was his first laboratory.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
From which social reform movements Gandhiji was influenced?
Answer:
Gandhiji’s philosophy and ideals are known as Gandhism. His ideas were influenced with the effect of religious books, philosophical ideas, reformative movements and socio-economic reforms.
So far as this question of reformative movement is concerned, India’s cultural, philosophical, and religious reformative movements influenced Gandhiji. He was specially influenced by the ideas of Rama-Krishna Paramhans and Swami Vivekanand.
Question 2.
What do you mean by the spiritualization of politics?
Answer:
For Gandhiji, religion and politics are the two names of single work. According to him, religion and politics have same goal. The aim is to bring change in social relations which are based on injustice and exploitation. Both aim to manage justice in the society.
Besides, the relation of true religion and true politics is chiefly associated with human activities, because no religion is aloof from human activities. For Gandhiji, the common base of these is certified with common moral values.
Question 3.
State seven major characteristics of Gandhiji’ Satyagrah.
Answer:
In common language, Satyagarh is the measure to keep away from evils and non-violent methods. From literary point of view, it is made with the association of two words Satya + Agrah which means to stay firm on the path of truth. Following are its seven characteristics:
- Faith in God
- Firm faith on truth and non-violence
- Firm character
- Non-addictive
- Pure goal
- Abdiction of violence
- Zeal, patience and tolerance.
Question 4.
Write a note on the conception of Tasting.
Answer:
Fasting is a pain which the person imposes on himself. It is the most powerful weapon of Satyagrah. Gandhi coined it as ‘spiritual medicine’ which can be exercised only by an expert physician. This treatment is useful in particular illness. Its experimentation on wrong place may be risky. Thus, fasting is the best moral appeal in favorable circumstances only.
Question 5.
Describe Gandhiji’s contribution to political science.
Answer:
Following are the contributions of Gandhiji to political science:
- In Gandhian philosophy, economics, sociology, political science and religion Eire related to one another. There is harmony among them.
- Spiritualizing the politics, Gandhiji gave it moral base.
- Gandhiji’s most important contribution to political science are the principles of Non-violence and Satyagrah.
- Gandhiji expressed his faith in the purity of means and goal.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the fundamentals elements of Gandhism ? Are they meaningful today? Prove it
Answer:
Fundamentals elements of Gandhism :
There are four elements of GandhismrTruth, non-violence, love and brotherhood. These elements remove dreadful tendencies from an individual. On the basis of these four elements; Gandhiji talks about the welfare of all. Instead of violent weapons, he prefers to non-violent sources. He teaches friendship in place of enmity and love in place of hate.
Significance of Gandhism at present :
Gandhiji’s ideas and ideals are not only for a person or a country or a time, but they are universal for humanity. Gandhiji himself said, “Gandhi can die, but truth, non-violence will remain alive for ever”.
In fact, Gandhiji’s ideas and philosophy are so real that they can bring peace in the world once followed. Atmosphere of tension may be removed. Hate can be converted into love. Permanent peace cannot be established by the means of violence. History witnessed that a war has always given birth to another war. The values of Gandhiji’s ideals has increased in peaceless violent atmosphere.
Gandhiji’s ideals and ideas are revolutionary. Their revolutionary effect is psychological. These want to bring change in the basic feeling of man. From moral point of view, these are better to increase love in human. From political point of view these are possible due to simplicity, and being practical. From social point of view along with -being human and practical, these are cooperation producing.
Gandhiji’s ideas are faultless form of socialism which provide protection to public from capitalists and try to make the people moral and spiritual. Gandhiji’s ideas provide protection to person, society, nation and world. These teach the lesson of truth, love, cooperation, sympathy, sacrifice. All these ideals are not associated with the people of a nation, but are all time relevant & universal. Undoubtedly, on these bases, Gandhiji’s ideas and ideals are meaningful even today.
Question 2.
How does Gandhism affect modern civilization?
Answer:
Gandhiji’s ideas were based on main elements of truth, non-violence, love and brotherhood. He wanted to teach people the meaning of humanity.
Improvement in life style :
Through his ideals, Gandhiji wanted to communicate love and freedom among the individuals. He wanted to teach people the meaning of humanity. In Gandhism, source of work inspiration is truth, religion and God. There is no place for deceit, selfishness, cruelty and this infuses changes in life style and thus, makes a way for modern civilization.
Solution of life’s difficulties :
If life is surrounded by difficulties, then the way of development gets choked. Gandhiji presented some ideals to solve the problems of contemporary society which are meaningful even today. He inspired that violence should be faced with non-violence means and attempts should be made to remove enmity with friendship and hate with love. Gandhiji has expressed his view on different problems. Gandhiji considered that change may be done according to situation. That is why, in modem time too, his ideals are capable.
Universal :
Gandhi did not leave any dispute behind himself. His method was experimental, experienced and scientific. Gandhiji’s truth, non violence, love and brotherhood were not for a single man, country or time but these are for all counties and are having universal appeal.
Based on Morality :
Gandhiji’s ideas are based on religion and morality. He was thoughtful and had good conduct. The ideas that cannot be included in his conduct, were considered less important. He had firm faith in God and advocated for the path of truth and non-violence to achieve goal.
It is clear from above description that Gandhiji was a practical ideologist. His ideas were wide and multidimensional. They are worth copying. On account of being proponent of spiritual socialism, he made spiritual explanation of history. He stressed on internal development. According to the conception of Gandhiji the main sources of human energy are truth, non-violence and love. Gandhiji was in favour of political and economic decentralisation, which is the main characteristic of modem states.
Question 3.
Why Gandhiji wanted to handover minimal tasks to the state?
Answer:
In his ideal system of govrnance, Gandhiji refuses any form of state based on violence and power. Gandhiji refuses the excessive powerful state for two following reasons :
First in a centralised form, state represents violence.
Secondly, all human beings basically are social animals and they do not exhibit ethical behaviour in every situation, and they cannot fulfil the required ethical responsibility towards society.
Limited state :
Gandhiji felt the need of limited state. He opposed the state which purely represents politics and power. He looks the growth of power in state with suspicion. According to Gandhiji, the state, representing violence, is an ideal immoral institution. His perception is that the autocratic power prevents an individual freedom and social welfare. He opposed absolute sovereignty and stressed the establishment of a limited state. Gandhiji did not favour excessive growth in state’s power.
State power hinders person’s development :
According to Gandhiji, the compulsiveness of state power destroys individual work and ethical values and it also confines person’s development.
Priority to the person :
Gandhiji considers the state to be an institution beyond the ordinary life of a person. Gandhiji emphasized the establishment of a decentralized ideal society in which the person has the chances of highest growth with sound development. He wants to establish ideal non-violent state which can be called the Swarajya.
Support of Local Self Government :
Supporting the decentralization of politics, Gandhiji advocated governance done by self dependent mral communities. He said that each citizen should do the work inspired by inner notice.
Question 4.
“The source of economic equality passes through trusteeship.” Prove it.
Answer:
To remove economic discontent Gandhiji neither supported western economy nor did he support eastern economy. As western economy, being based on capitalism, gives birth to exploitation, competition and struggle, while eastern economy encourages the decentralization. To remove this economic inequality and dissatisfaction, Gandhiji founded the principle of trusteeship. According to this principle, a capitalist can use his own property as per his requirements and will become a trustee of his remaining property. He can use this property in Public welfare.
Main elements of trusteeship principle :
- It is a means to convert current capitalist system into egalitarian society.
- It provides an opportunity to improve to the current capitalists or the owners of wealth to reform themselves.
- If believes in the change of mental tendency. It wants to liberate persons from the greed of money.
- This theory opposes the right to own private property and accepts only appropriate needs of an individual.
- If necessary, it favors to control property through state laws.
- In this, neither the property should be used for self interest, nor can it be used against the interests of the society.
- Instead of the ownership of goods or money, it is associated with social welfare.
- Minimum and maximum limits of income should be fixed. Time and again, these are liable to change whose objective is to end disparities.
- It will not determine the production on the basis of benefit, but it will be determined by social necessities.
Thus, it is clear that through trusteeship principles, Gandhiji wanted to bring economic equality in the society.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
By what name Gandhiji’s philosophies and ideals are known?
(a) Gandhism
(b) Gandhi marg
(c) Gandhian political philosophy
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 2.
Find the incorrect statement in the following :
(a) Gandhiji was a Karm yogi
(b) Gandhiji wanted to leave dispute behind him.
(c) Gandhiji’s method was experimental and based on experiences.
(d) Gandhiji did not believe in any dispute.
Answer:
(b) Gandhiji wanted to leave dispute behind him.
Question 3.
Gandhiji was influenced by the ideas of :
(a) Mahatma Buddha
(b) Mahaveer Swami
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these
Question 4.
From which religious book, Gandhiji learnt to win enemity with friendship and evil by goodness?
(a) Bhagwat Geeta
(b) Upanishad
(c) Bible
(d) Ramayana
Answer:
(c) Bible
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
On what principles, Gandhiji wanted to base the politics?
Answer:
He wanted to base the politics on justice and religion.
Question 2.
Whose statement is this: “Gandhism is not a group of principles, opinions, rules, exchanges and ideals. It is life style or life philosophy.”
Answer:
This is the statement of Pattabhi Sita Ramiayya.
Question 3.
On whose purity Gandhism emphasised?
Answer:
Gandhism emphasised on the purity of means and accomplishment.
Question 4.
Who says these words that : “Gandhi can die, but the truth and non-violence will remain alive for ever.”
Answer:
Gandhiji himself.
Question 5.
Which idea was considered less important by Gandhiji?
Answer:
The idea which cannot be executed in practical form.
Question 6.
Whose ideas influenced Gandhiji more?
Answer:
Mahaveer Swami, Gautam Budha, Socrates, Thoreau, Cropotkin and Ruskin.
Question 7.
Why did Gandhiji neglect Marx’s economic explanation of history?
Answer:
He did so because it was based on violence.
Question 8.
What sort of socialism was supported by Gandhiji?
Answer:
Gandhiji was the founder of spiritual socialism, so he gave spiritual explanation of history.
Question 9.
According to Gandhiji what are the energy sources of mankind?
Answer:
Truth, non-violence, and love are the energy sources of mankind.
Question 10.
Write the name of any one composition of Gandhiji.
Answer:
Hind Swarajya.
Question 11.
Which philosphers influence Gandhiji’s ideas?
Answer:
John Ruskin, Henry David Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy, Socrates.
Question 12.
To what extent Gandhiji believed in religious books?
Answer:
Religious books had great importance in Gandhiji’s life, but the religious facts, which cannot be proved logically, were not acceptable to him
Question 13.
When and where did Gandhiji study the Patanjali Yogshastra?
Answer:
He studied Yogashastra in 1903 while being injohansberg jail.
Question 14.
What was Gandhiji’s most favorite religious text?
Answer:
Bhagwat Geeta was his most favourite religious text. This book was his ‘guide’, ‘spiritual director’ and ‘spiritual mother’.
Question 15.
Who took three vows from Gandhiji during his departure to England?
Answer:
A Jain Hermit took these three vows- that he will never touch wine, woman and meat.
Question 16.
What is the meaning of non-violence?
Answer:
Non-violence means not to hurt anyone with heart, words and deed.
Question 17.
Where did Gandhiji exercise Satyagrah first?
Answer:
In South Africa.
Question 18.
Which thing is compared with seed and tree by Gandhiji?
Answer:
For Gandhiji, ‘means’ is like a tree and seed.
Question 19.
What are the major forms of Satyagrah?
Answer:
Non-cooperation, Hijrat, Civil disobedience and Fasting.
Question 20.
What is the meaning of Hijrat?
Answer:
It is a process in which a person goes from one place to another to protect his self-esteem.
Question 21.
In which of his book, Gandhiji criticized the present civilization?
Answer:
‘Hind Swaraj’
Question 22.
Why did Gandhiji oppose capitalism?
Answer:
He did so because he believed that capitalism has increased the feeling of poverty, unemployment, exploitation and imperialism.
Question 23.
Why did Gandhiji found trusteeship theory?
Answer:
He founded it to remove economic inequality prevailing in the society.
Question 24.
What do you mean by ‘Khadi’s economics’?
Answer:
Gandhiji believed that khadi’s economics is an easy, cheap and practical method. It was also a method to make the villages independent.
Question 25.
What type of state was supported by Gandhiji?
Answer:
Gandhiji supports the conception of ‘Limited State’.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What name is given to Gandhiji’s idea and why?
Or
What do you mean by Gandhism?
Answer:
The other name of Gandhiji’s philosphy and ideals are Gandhism, Gandhi path, Gandhi philosophy, Gandhian political philosophy. Different names are given to these philosphies and ideals because Gandhiji did not believe in any dispute, cult and theory nor did he want to leave any disputes behind himself. His method was experimental, experienced and scientific. He was a Karmayogi. Thus, the presentation of his ideas and principles in the form of philosophy, is correct.
Question 2.
To what extent was Gandhiji agree with Marx’s ideas?
Answer:
Gandhiji did not accept Marx’s economic explanation of socialism and history because it was based on violence. He was not agreed with Marx’s idea of class struggle instead, he favoured class harmony. In place of Marx’s materialistic, he presented the conception of socialism.
Question 3.
Describe the chief characteristic of Gandhiji’s socialism.
Answer:
- Gandhiji was the founder of spiritual socialism and that is why, he did spiritual explanation of history. He did not consider material activities as the carrier of civilization and culture. He stressed on deep internal development.
- Against Marx’s socialism and class struggle, Gandhiji advocated harmony.
- Gandhiji’s socialism is based on morality, humanism and democratic principles.
- According to Gandhiji, the establishment of socialism cannot be achieved by taking political power on the basis of violence. The true socialism is based on harmony and love.
Question 4.
What was the importance of The Ramayana’ and ‘the Geeta’ in Gandhiji’s life?
Answer:
Gandhiji was completely a religious man and spiritualism was his major subject. He was highly influenced by Vedas, Upanishads, the Ramayana, the Geeta and the Mahabharta. Gandhiji considered the Ramayana as the best religious book in the path of devotion. Gandhiji was a great devotee of the Bhagvad Gita. This book was his guide, spiritual director and spiritual mother. It was his religious treasure. It showed him light in darkness, faith in doubt, hope in despair. The sentence of Geeta, ‘Do your duty and don’t care for result’, became the basis of his life and work.
Question 5.
How did the Bible influence Gandhiji?
Answer:
Different religious books have wide effect on Gandhiji, and he brought them into his life. The influence of Bible was so much that it impacted Gandhiji’s heart immediately. From this religious book, Gandhiji learnt the way to win evil by goodness, enmity by friendship, violence by non-violence, hatred by love, oppression by prayer.
Question 6.
Write down four characteristics of non-violence.
Answer:
Following are the characteristics :
- It means not to hurt anyone with heart, words and deed.
- A non-violent individual is the statue of law , compassion, forgiveness, sympathy and truth.
- Non-violence is a universal law, compassion on animals, and to sacrificing one’s own body.
- Non-violence is a herb which can make an enemy a friend and can nullify the most powerful armour. Non-violence is a quality of soul which is invisible and immortal.
Question 7.
What do you mean by cooperation ? What are its different forms?
Answer:
In the different methods of Satyagrah, non -cooperation comes first. Gandhiji said it ‘Representation of Satisfied love’. It means that a person does not cooperate with any individual who is full of evils, such as being false, unlawful, immoral. As per conviction of Gandhiji, to show non-cooperation towards evils is not only duty, but religion also. The non-cooperation is of many form-strike social boycott etc.
Question 8.
“Gandhism is a life philosophy”. Clarify it
Answer:
Gandhiji was the worshiper of truth, non-violence, love and brotherhood. By explaining these life values he wanted to save man from deformed tendencies. He wanted to make politics pure and based on religion and justice. Gandhiji wanted to communicate love and freedom in the man and wanted to make people know the meaning of manhood. Thus, Gandhism was associated with life style, and not with any theory.
In the words of B.P. Sita Rammiyah, “Gandhism is not a group of principles, opinions, rules exchanges and orders. It is a life-style, a life philosophy. It indicates towards new direction and present solution to man’s life and difficulties. It is a philosophy which talks for welfare of all.”
Question 9.
Write a note on Satyagrah?
Answer:
The term ‘Satyagrah’ came into being in South Africa by Gandhiji. It was originated to show differentiation in passive resistance between England and South Africa. In simple language it is a way to keep away from evil, disputes and violent methods. From another point of view it is a joint word ‘Satya +Agarh’which means to stay firm to get the truth.
Satyagrah is incomplete without these characteristics :
- Faith in God
- Firm faith in Truth and Non violence
- Character
- Non-addictiveness
- Pure target
- Shun violence
- Encouragement, patience and tolerance.
Different forms of Satyagrah are given below :
- Non-cooperation
- Hijrat
- Civil disobedience
- Fasting
There are different methods to show non-cooperation such as :
- Strike
- Social boycotts.
- Sits-in
Question 10.
Clarify the meaning of social boycott
Answer:
It is an ancient tradition which came into being with the birth of castes. This is prohibited and a kind of dangerous punishment which can be used in a very effective way. In it, an individual is boycotted, and is given a punishment by society. He is separated from the society and is not given the opportunity to have any relation with other members of the society.
Similarly, if a particular thing or article is boycotted, then its production and consumption are attacked in order to making efforts to end it. Its aim is to punish the producers directly by harming them.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 11 Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
Throw light on the major aspects of Gandhism.
Answer:
The philosphy and ideas of Gandhiji are known as Gandhism, Gandhi path and Gandhi philosophy etc.
Gandhiji’s life values :
Gandhiji’s four ideals were: truth, non-violence, love and brotherhood. Through these ideals, he wanted to remove bad tendencies of humans. He wanted to develop love, freedom, humanity and religion in man. Thus, Gandhism is associated with life style or life philosophy.
Gandhism : a pool of ideas :
Being situational, Gandhiji’s ideas and ideal were universal. His ideas were wide, multipurpose and multidimensional. On his thoughts, the effect of both Indian and western ideas is seen. He was an individualist, idealist, socialist, liberal, nationalist and internationalist, but above all, he Was a humanist.
Spiritual socialism :
Gandhiji did not accept Marx’s materialistic and economic explanation of history and class struggle ‘because these were based on violence’. Instead, he believed in the idea of socialism. He stressed on intense internal development. He advocated class cooperation. His socialism was based on the principles of morality, Hinduism, rural humanism and democracy.
Sources of Gandhism :
Four sources of Gandhiji’s ideas are as follows:
- Effect of religious books :
Gandhiji was highly influenced by the ancient religious books, such as: Vedas, Upanishads, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and Bhagwat Geeta. Besides, the teachings of jainism and Buddhism, Bible also influenced his ideas. - Effect of philosophers :
Gandhi’s ideas were highly influenced with the ideas of Ruskin, Henry David Thoroau, Leo Tolstoy and Socrates. - Effect of reform movements.
- Effect of socio-economic conditions.
Spiritualization of politics :
For Gandhiji, religion is not separate from politics, but both have the same purpose. The aim of both is to bring favourable change in social life and to establish justice in the society.
Purity of Means and Ends :
Gandhiji does not differentiate between means and achievements. According to him, both should be pure, best and pious. Means is like a seed and end is like a tree.
Non-violence and Satyagrah in the form of Means :
According to Gandhiji, Non violence means not to tease any one with heart, statement and act. Satyagarh means to stay firm to get the truth. It was first used in South Africa. It is exercised through following methods :
- Non-cooperation : It means not to cooperate with the things that are false. For this, strike, social boycott, and meetings etc. are done.
- Hijrat : In this, to save one’ self respect, one goes to another place leaving his own place.
- Civil disobedience : It means to break the unfair law.
- Fasting : Gandhiji coined it ‘spiritual medicine’.
Opposing of capitalism :
Gandhiji has criticised capitalism. According to him, it has promoted the feelings of poverty, exploitation, unemployment and imperialism. He considered that the collection of capital is unethical.
To remove socio-economic, disparities Gandhiji gave the following four suggestions:
- Asteya and Aparigrah :
Asteya means no theft or not to touch anything without its owner’s permission. Gandhiji asked to stay away from physical, mental, economic and ideological theft. According to him, it will end economic difference. - Trusteeship Theory :
According to it, the capitalist can use his property according to requirement and for the rest of property he should become a trustee and entrust it in the welfare of the people. - Swadeshi :
Gandhiji does not want to boycott all foreign goods, but accepts those which are essential to make Indian industries better. - Khadi’s economics :
Gandhiji gave importance to Khadi or Charkha for rural reconstruction and self dependence.