RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Our Parliament does mainly which work?
(a) Enforcement of law
(b) Enactment of law
(c) To punish those who violate laws
(d) To get the Panchayat elections conducted
Answer:
(b) Enactment of law

Question 2.
Two houses of the Parliament are :
(a) Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha
(b) Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha
(c) President and Vidhan Sabha
(d) Chief Justice and President
Answer:
(a) Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha

Question 3.
First of all money bill is presented in which House?
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) Vidhan Sabha
(c) Lok Sabha
(d) Gram Panchayat
Answer:
(c) Lok Sabha

Question 4.
Maximum how many members can be elected for Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan?
(a) 25
(b) 15
(c) 250
(d) 10
Answer:
(d) 10

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many houses are there in Indian Parliament?
Answer:
There are two houses of Indian Parliament:

  1. Rajya Sabha
  2. Lok Sabha

Question 2.
What is the minimum age to become a member of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
Minimum age to become a member of Lok Sabha is 25 years.

Question 3.
How many members can be nominated by the President in Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The President can nominate 12 members in Rajya Sabha.

Question 4.
Who elects the Speaker of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The speaker of Lok Sabha is elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House.

Question 5.
of which house is the Vice-President the Ex-officio chairman?
Answer:
The Vice-President is the Ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What qualifications are required to be a member of the Parliament?
Answer:
Qualifications for a member of Parliament :
A person should have the following qualifications to be a member of the Parliament:

  1. He should be a citizen of India
  2. His minimum age must be 25 years .
  3. He should not be holding any office of profit under government of India.
  4. He should not be insolvent or mentally retarded or declared an offender by any court.
  5. He should fulfill all the eligibility criterion under law enacted by the Parliament.

Question 2.
Enlist two functions of the Parliament
Answer:
Functions of the Parliament:
Following are the two functions of the Parliament

  • Legislation :
    Parliament is the executive branch of India, so its main function is legislation. The Parliament can make a law on any subject contained in the union list and the concurrent list. It can also frame laws using its residuary powers on the subjects given in the state list, in some special circumstances. When any two or more state legislatures, by passing a proposal, request the Parliament to enact a law on any subject, then also the Parliament can enact a law.
  • Control over the executive :
    The Indian Parliament controls the executive by different methods such as : Question Hour, Zero Hour, call attention resolution, Adjournment motion etc. in the Parliament. But the Supreme power of control over the Executive is given to Lok Sabha. This power is called die motion of confidence and no confidence.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the money bill.
Answer:
The Bill related to the government’s income :
Expenditure, imposition of any tax, decrease or increase in any tax, and to withdraw or deposit any amount from the government fund, is called the Money Bill. The important points related to the Money Bill can be made clear on the following basis :

  1. Article 109 describes the process of a money bill.
  2. Article 110 defines it.
  3. The money bill cannot be presented in the Rajya Sabha.
  4. The money bill can only be presented in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President.
  5. After being passed in the Lok Sabha, the President has to send back the money bill within a period of 14 days with his assent.
  6. If the money bill is not sent back, then, in this condition, it will be considered as passed by both the houses.
  7. The money bill is a government bill, not a non-government bill, in nature.

Question 4.
What is the constitutional amendment bill?
Answer:
The bill related to amendments in various constitutional sections, is called the constitutional amendment bill. Both the houses of the Parliament have same powers in regard of the constitutional amendment bill, because if one House passes this bill and the other refuses to pass it, then the constitutional amendment bill is considered as void. constitutional amendment bill can be presented in any of the houses of the Parliament, but it is essential that it should be passed by both the houses separately. These is no provision of holding a joint session for it. After being passed separately by both the houses, the constitutional amendment bill is considered passed by the President. The President cannot refuse to give his assent on this bill.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 5.
What do you understand by Quorum?
Answer:
Meaning of Quorum :

  1. A quorum is the minimum number of members of an assembly, necessary to conduct the proceeding of the houses. Their presence provides legality to the proceedings.
  2. Quorum in each house (Lok Sabha / Rajya Sabha) is at least the one-tenth part of the total number of members of the house including the presiding officer.
  3. If the Lower House has total membership of 545, at least 55 members are necessary to be present for the proceeding, and for proceeding of the upper House, at least 25 members (total members are 245) should be present.
  4. If there is no quorum at any time in any session of the Parliament, then a bell rings for the information of the members. Even then, if there is no quorum, then the Speaker / Chairman suspends the session.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the formation and structure of the Parliament of India.
Answer:
Formation and structure of the Parliament of India :
In any democratic system of government, there are three organs of the govemment-Legislature Executive, and Judiciary. Legislature in different countries, is known by different names. Legislature in India is called Parliament (Sansad). The Parliament of India is formed by the article 79 of the constitution of India: “There would be a Parliament for the Indian union, which would be consisted of the President and two Houses named: Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha”. In section V, articles 79-122 of the constitution, formation, structure, tenure, rights, and powers of the Parliament have been mentioned.

I. The Lok Sabha :
Formation and structure of the Lok Sabha can be explained as follows

(a) Number of members :
The Lok Sabha is the Lower House of India’s bicameral Parliament. By the 31st constitutional amendment 1974, the maximum number of the members of the Lok Sabha can be 552, out of which 530 members will be elected from different states, 20 members from the union territories and 2 members from the Anglo- Indian community will be nominated by the President.

At present the total number of the members is 545, out of which 530 members are elected from different states and 13 members are elected from the Union Territories, and two members are nominated by the President of India.

(b) Election :
The members of the Parliament are directly elected by the people on the basis of universal suffrage. Some seats are reserved for scheduled caste and scheduled tribes candidates.

(c) Tenure :
The Lok Sabha is not a permanent house. Basically its tenure is 5 years. On the advice of the Prime Minister and the council of Ministers, the President can dissolve it any time.

(d) Qualifications of the members :
The following qualifications are essential to be a member of the Lok Sabha:

  1. He must be a citizen of India
  2. His minimum age must be 25 years or above.
  3. He should not be holding any office of profit under the government of India or any state government
  4. He should not be insolvent or mentally retarded or declared an offender by any court.
  5. He should possess the qualifications prescribed by the Parliament as per the law.

(e) officials :
The Lok Sabha members elect a speaker and a deputy speaker from among themselves. The speaker presides over the sittings of the Lok Sabha. In absence of the speaker, the Deputy speaker executes all his functions. The members are called MPs.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

II. The Rajya Sabha :
The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Parliament. Its formation and structure is as follows :

(a) Number of Members :
The Rajya Sabha was formed under article 80 of the constitution. According to it, its total number of members will be 250, of whom 12 members will be nominated by the President. These members should be having special knowledge or practical experience in the field of literature, science, art, or social service. Remaining 238 members are elected from the states and the Union Territories. Although, the total number of members of the upper house at present is fixed 245, out of which 229 members are elected from different states and four members are elected from the Union Territories, While 12 members are nominated by the President.

(b) Election :
According to article 80(4) of the constitution, the members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the state in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. It means member of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the people indirectly.

(c) Tenure :
The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. The tenure of its members is 6 years. Its 1/3 members are retired after every two years, and 1/3 new members are elected.

(d) Qualification of the Members :
To be the member of the Rajya Sabha, the minimum age of the candidate must be 30 years. And rest of the qualifications are same as required to be the member of the Lok Sabha.

(e) officials :
The Vice-President of India is the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha who presides over its sessions and conducts its other activities. Besides the chairman, a deputy- chairman is also appointed in the Rajya Sabha, who is elected from amongst the house members. He presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha in absence of the Chairman.

Question 2.
Explain the procedure of law-making in the Parliament
Answer:
The procedure of Law-making in the Parliament: It is essential to know how a bill, after getting passed in the Parliament, becomes a law. In general, there are two types of bills :

  1. Ordinary bill
  2. Money bill.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

I. Process of passing the ordinary bill :
Ordinary bills can be presented in any house of the Parliament. When a bill is introduced in the Parliament, it has to go through many legal procedures to become a law. Three debates are held for the bill in each house, and it has to go through five stages, only then it can be considered passed by any house. These five stages are as follows :
(a) Introduction of the bill and the first debate :
The member presents the bill in the House at the given time after seeking due permission for the same. In most of the cases, permission is granted. This introduction of the bill in the house is called the first debate of the bill. In the first debate (reading), there is no discussion involved, but if the bill is very important, the presenter of the bill can deliver a short speech about the bill; and the members against the bill, can also criticise the bill replying in brief.

(b) Second debate :
Second debate is the most important and decisive phase of a bill. Generally, during this phase, a selection committee is formed. This committee is made up of a small number of Parliamentary members who investigate the nature of the bill, collecting data or evidence for a law. Every section of the bill is discussed here, and then the Committee presents its report in the House in the set period. Discussions are held on this report in the house. Voting is done on its every section. The entire procedure is called the second debate of the bill.

(c) Third debate :
After the second debate, important literal and formal amendments are done in the bill, and then the bill is presented in the house in its final form, to be passed. Because discussions have been made at large in the second debate, so in the third debate, voting is done after a general discussion. If the majority of members, who are present in the house and are voting for the bill, are in favour of the bill, then the bill is considered to be passed.

(d) The Bill in the second house :
When the bill is passed in the house where it was presented, then it is sent to the other House to be passed. There, three debates are held again on the bill. If the second house passes the bill, then the bill is considered to be passed by both the houses, and then it is presented before the President to be signed. If the second house rejects the bill or makes some amendments which are not agreeable to the first house or the second House doesn’t discuss the bill for six months, in those conditions, it means that differences exist on the bill between both the Houses.

The differences generated between both the Houses on an ordinary bill are resolved in a joint session of these two Houses. The decision in the joint session is taken by the majority of votes cast and the number of members present.

(e) Permission of the President on a Bill :
The bill passed by both the Houses, is presented before the President for his assent (Signature). The President can return the bill to the Parliament for farther discussion, but if the Parliament again sends the bill to the President with or without any amendment, then the President is bound to give his assent on the bill. According to article 111, the assent of the President results in the enactment of the bill into a law.

II. The process of passing the Money Bill :
The money bill cannot be presented in the Rajya Sabha. It can only be presented in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President. After being passed in the Lok Sabha, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha for its recommendations. The Rajya Sabha has to send back the money bill within a period of 14 days, compulsorily. If the bill is not sent back within 14 days, it will be considered as passed by both the Houses. It is important to mention here that money bill is a government bill, not a non-government bill in nature.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 3.
‘Indian Parliament is one of the strongest legislatures of the world ? Review its functions and powers, highlighting this statement
Answer:
Indian Parliament is one of the strongest legislatures of the world. In India, Parliament means Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, and the President. Though the President is not associated with the Parliament directly, but a bill passed by the Parliament, becomes a law only after the President’s consent. Therefore the President is considered an integral organ of the Parliament.

The Functions and Powers of Indian Parliament:
(i). Law-making :
The most important work of the Legislative branch of the government is law-making. Parliament is the Legislature of India. Its main function is law-making. The Parliament can make a law on any subject contained in the union List and the concurrent list. Parliament can also frame laws using its residuary powers on the subjects given in the state list, in some special circumstances. Although laws on the subjects contained in the concurrent list, can be enacted by both, the Indian Parliament and the legislature of the states. If there is any dispute between the law enacted by the Indian Parliament and by the legislature of the state, then finally the law enacted by the Indian Parliament will be implemented and the law enacted by the state legislature will be cancelled. The Parliament can also enact laws on residuary subjects.

(ii). To pass the Money Bill :
Second important function of the Parliament is to pass money bill. Article 109 describes the procedure of the money bill and it is defined in article 110. Money bill cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. It can be presented only in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President. After it is passed in the Lok Sabha, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha, which has to send it back to the Lok Sabha within 14 days of its receiving, it is mandatory for the Rajya Sabha. In case it is not sent back to the Lok Sabha within 14 days, it will automatically be considered passed by both the houses.

(iii). Power of Amendment in the constitution :
The Parliament has an important power regarding amendment in constitution. Amendment in the constitution is done in both the houses of the Parliament. And in some sections of the constitution, amendment can be done by the Parliament alone, by simple majority. According to article 3 of the constitution, the Parliament alone can make amendment in the constitution in the issues like to form a new state by merging two or more states, to form a new state, to change the area, boundaries, and names of the existing states, etc, by simple majority. In some sections of the constitution, the Parliament can make amendments by 2/3 majority.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

There are only some such issues in the constitution in which the consent of half of the legislative assemblies of the states of Indian Union is required for amendment. Constitution amendment bill can be presented in any house. It is necessary that it must be passed by both the houses separately. It means there is no provision of joint session. The bill passed by both the houses, is considered passed only after the President’s assent. (Signature). The President can not refuse his assent on it.

(iv). Control over the Executive :
According to the constitution, Indian executive or cabinet is accountable to the Parliament. The Parliament can control the executive in many ways, such as:

  1. The Parliament through Adjournment Motion, can highlight the faulty policies and work of the government.
  2. The members of Parliament can ask the members of the executive, questions and complementary questions about the policies and work of the government.
  3. The Parliament can express its protest by not accepting a government bill, by accepting the proposal of curtailment in salary of the ministers or by making such an amendment in any government bill, which is not agreeable to the government, etc.
  4. The Parliament can make curtailment in the budget in which case, the cabinet has to resign.
  5. The Lok Sabha has the power to dismiss the council of Ministers by passing no confidence motion against it.
  6. Electoral powers :
    The members of Parliament take part in the election process of the President and Vice-President of India. The President is indirectly elected by our electoral college comprising the elected members of both the houses of the Parliament, and the Legislative Assemblies of each of India’s states and Union Territories. In the election process of Vice- President of India, Members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha (both elected and nominated members) take part. The Lok Sabha elects its speaker and Deputy Speaker. The Rajya Sabha also elects its Deputy chairman.
  7. Power related to Impeachment :
    The President, judges of the Supreme court and High courts can be impeached by both the houses of the Parliament. Both the houses of the Parliament can dismiss the President by passing an impeachment proposal against him as per the special process mentioned in the constitution. The same way, both of these houses can also dismiss any judge of the Supreme court and High courts by passing a dismissal proposal on the ground of incapability or misconduct. This type of proposal should necessarily be passed in each house with 2/3 majority.

On the basis of the above mentioned functions of the Indian Parliament, it can be said that amongst the powerful legislatures of the world, Indian Parliament has a prominent place.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Other important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Multiple-Choice Questions

Question 1.
How many organs of the government are there in a democratic system?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(a) 3

Question 2.
What is the name used for the legislature in Japan?
(a) Congress
(b) National Diet
(c) Bundestag
(d) Parliament
Answer:
(b) National Diet

Question 3.
What is the term used for the legislature in India?
(a) The Executive
(b) The Judiciary
(c) The Parliament
(d) Congress
Answer:
(c) The Parliament

Question 4.
Who is the author of ‘Ashtadhyayi’?
(a) Kautilya
(b) Tulsidas
(c) Chanakya
(d) Panini
Answer:
(d) Panini

Question 5.
‘Sabha’ and ‘Samiti’ are mentioned in
(a) The Rigveda
(b) The Samveda
(c) Ashtadhyayi
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) The Rigveda

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 6.
When did the Government of India Act come into being?
(a) 1819
(b) 1919
(c) 1920
(d) 1921
Answer:
(b) 1919

Question 7.
‘Beside the President, there will be two houses in the Parliament’ In which article of the constitution is this mentioned?
(a) In article 59
(b) In article 69
(c) In article 79
(d) In article 89
Answer:
(c) In article 79

Question 8.
Tenure of the Lok Sabha members is :
(a) 6 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 7 years
(d) 5 years
Answer:
(d) 5 years

Question 9.
Who is the chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
(a) Vice-President
(b) President
(c) Lok Sabha Speaker
(d) Prime Minister
Answer:
(a) Vice-President

Question 10.
Who conducts the proceedings in the Lok Sabha?
(a) Deputy speaker
(b) Speaker
(c) leader of opposition
(d) Chairman
Answer:
(b) Speaker

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the three organs of the government?
Answer:
The three organs of the government are : The Legislature, The Executive, The Judiciary

Question 2.
What is Parliament?
Answer:
Parliament is the central legislature of India.

Question 3.
Who is the constitutional head of the Executive of the Indian Union?
Answer:
The President is the constitutional head of the executive of the Indian Union

Question 4.
How many sessions of the Indian Parliament are held every year?
Answer:
Every year, three sessions of Indian Parliament are held.

Question 5.
Who is called ‘Presiding officer’?
Answer:
Speaker in the Lok Sabha, and chairman in the Rajya Sabha is called ‘presiding officer’.

Question 6.
Who has the right to prorogate?
Answer:
The President has the right to prorogate.

Question 7.
What is basis of Quorum in the houses of the Indian Parliament?
Answer:
The basis of quorum in the Indian Parliament or in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha is 1/10th part of its membership.

Question 8.
How many members should be there in the Rajya Sabha to conduct its proceedings?
Answer:
At least 25 members should be present compulsorily in the Rajya Sabha to conduct its proceedings.

Question 9.
What is the status of the Attorney General in the Parliament regarding use of his vote?
Answer:
The Attorney General doesn’t have the right to vote in the Parliament.

Question 10.
What are the names used for the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The Rajya Sabha is known as : The Upper House of the Parliament, Permanent House, or the Council of the States.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 11.
Which institution has the right to elect the members of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The legislative Assemblies of the states have this right.

Question 12.
How many members are elected from Rajasthan to the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
10 members.

Question 13.
How many members can be nominated by the President in the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The President can nominate two members from the Anglo-Indian Community, in the Lok Sabha.

Question 14.
What is the election process of members of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The election process of members of the Rajya Sabha is ‘Single transferable vote’ and ‘proportional representation’ system.

Question 15.
Who is responsible to conduct the election of the members of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The election Commission of India is responsible to conduct election of the members of the Rajya Sabha

Question 16.
What is the total number of members in the Lok Sabha at present?
Answer:
545 members.

Question 17.
How many members are elected from Rajasthan in the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
25 members.

Question 18.
What is the Election process of members of the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people on the basis of adult suffrage by Secret ballot.

Question 19.
Who was the first speaker of the Lok Sabha of independent India?
Answer:
The first speaker of the Lok Sabha of independent India was Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar.

Question 20.
What is a government bill?
Answer:
The bill which is introduced in the Parliament by any minister on behalf of the government, is called a government bill.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 21.
What is a money bill?
Answer:
All the bills related to income expenditure, or taxation are called money bills.

Question 22.
The Rajya Sabha can think over a money bill for maximum how many days?
Answer:
14 days.

Question 23.
Regarding what types-of bill do the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha have equal power?
Answer:
Regarding constitution amendment bill.

Question 24.
Mention any two fields in which the Rajya Sabha is less powerful than the Lok Sabha.
Answer:

  1. In the field of having control over the executive.
  2. In the field of Money Bill.

Question 25.
How many types of bills are there? Name them.
Answer:
Bills are of three types :

  1. Ordinary Bill
  2. Money Bill
  3. Constitution Amendment Bill

Question 26.
In which article of the constitution is the constitution amendment process described?
Answer:
In article 368, constitution amendment process is mentioned.

Question 27.
Who presides over the joint session of the Parliament?
Answer:
Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint session of the Parliament.

Question 28.
How many MLAs are there in the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, there are 200 MLAs.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Mention the names and tenure of both the houses of the Indian Parliament.
Answer:
The names and tenure of both the houses of the Indian Parliament are as follow :

  • Upper House :
    The Upper House of the Indian Parliament is called the Rajya Sabha. This is a Permanent house. It can never be dissolved. Each of its member is elected for the period of 6 six years but every two years its 1/3 members are retired.
  • Lower House :
    This is called the Lok Sabha. Its tenure is 5 years. On the recommendation of Prime Minister, the President can dissolve it at any time. The leader of majority party/ parties in this house, becomes the Prime Minister.

Question 2.
The person having which disqualifications cannot become a member of the Parliament?
Answer:
The person having the following disqualifications cannot become a member of the Parliament:

  1. Any insolvent or mentally retarded or mentally unsound person.
  2. No person can become a member of both the houses of the Parliament simultaneously.
  3. If a member of Parliament is found guilty of electoral crime or corrupt conduct in election, he can be sacked from the membership.
  4. A person can contest election from a maximum of two places. If he wins both the seats, then he has to vacate one seat within a month.
  5. A member of Parliament can be sacked from the membership on the ground of defection to another political party.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on the sessions of the Parliament.
Answer:
Session of the Parliament: According to article 85 of the Indian constitution, the President will convene sessions of each house of the Parliament from time to time at the time and place of his choice. However, there should not be the gap of 6 months between the dates of the last sitting of the last session and first sitting of the next session. The Parliament conducts three sessions each year:

  1. Budget session (February to May)
  2. Monsoon session (July to September)
  3. Winter session (November to December)

During the proceedings of the Parliament, the presiding officer has the right to adjourn the houses. In the Lok Sabha, the speaker has this right and in the Rajya Sabha the chairman has this right. But right of prorogation is given to the President of India. Only he can pass an order to end the session.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 4.
Mention the rights of ministers and Attorney General, in the Parliament
Answer:
Right of Ministers and Attorney General in the Parliament: In India, the members of council of Ministers and Attorney General have several rights in the Parliament. In article 88 of the constitution, it is mentioned the every member of council of ministers (minister), and the Attorney General of India, will have the right to speak and right to take part in the proceedings, in any house of the Parliament. The Attorney General will not have the right to vote on any bill or proposal in the Parliament, while a minister can vote only in the house to which he belongs.

Question 5.
What is the process of election of members of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
Election of the Rajya Sabha members :
The Rajya Sabha is formed under article 80 of the Constitution. According to the constitution, the members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the States in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. In this, the members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly. To conduct the election of the Rajya Sabha, is the responsibility of the election commission of India. Recently, two amendments have been made in the procedure of election to the Rajya Sabha :

  1. The candidate should be of the same state from which he wants to be elected. This condition has been redressed, and
  2. Open ballet system has been adopted in place of secret ballot system.

Question 6.
Write a short note on the tenure of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
Tenure of the Rajya Sabha :
The Upper House of the Parliament of India is known as the Rajya Sabha. This is a permanent house. It never gets dissolved. In the Indian constitution, tenure of the members of the Rajya Sabha is not decided. It’s left up to the Parliament. On the basis of it, the representation of people Act, 1951, was passed by which tenure of the members of the Rajya Sabha was fixed at 6 years. Such Provision was made that after every two years 1/3rd of its members are retired, and 1/3rd new members are elected for six years. For the members of the Rajya Sabha, no period is fixed to be re-elected.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 7.
How is the Lok Sabha formed? Explain.
Answer:
Formation of Lok Sabha :
The Lok Sabha is the Lower house of India’s bicameral Parliament. It is also known as the popular house of the Parliament. It was formed according to article 81 of the constitution. Earlier, the number of the members of the Lok Sabha was fixed at 500. But in 1956, after restructuring of the states, the number of its members was increased to 520, and later it was decided at 525. by the 31st constitutional Amendment, 1974, the maximum number of the members of the Lok Sabha can be 552, but out of which 520 members will be elected from different states, and 20 members will be elected from the Union territories. Besides this, according to article 331, if the President of India feels that the Anglo-Indian community is not getting proper representation in the House, he can nominate two members of Anglo-Indian community.

At present, the total number of the members of the Lok Sabha is 545, out of Which 530 members are elected from different states and 13 members are elected from the union territories and two members are nominated by the President of India. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in proportion to their population. The total number of the members of the Lok Sabha will remain the same till the year 2026. At present 84 seats are reserved for scheduled castes and 47 seats are reserved for scheduled tribes in the Lok Sabha. The citizens of India whose age is 18 years or above and their names are included in the voter list, elect the Lok Sabha, while the candidate must be a citizen of India and his minimum age must be 25 years.

Question 8.
Write a short note on the speaker of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
With the objective of conducting the functions of the Parliament (Lok Sabha) smoothly, the provision has been made in the Indian constitution for the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. The Parliament, in its first session, first of all elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker from amongst the members of the house. Lok Sabha speaker is a very important member of Lok Sabha. The speaker presides over the sessions of the Lok Sabha, and conducts its functions smoothly. In Lok Sabha, bills Can be introduced with his permission only. Only he decides whether the bill is a money bill or an ordinary bill and he is the only authority to adjourn the meeting of Lok Sabha. All the members, even government members and ministers have to obey him.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 9.
Clarify the difference between government and non-government bill.
Answer:
Difference between government and non-government bill :
The difference between government bill and non-government bill is as follows

  1. If the bill is presented by any member of the council of Ministers, then it is called a government bill, while when a bill is proposed by a non-minister, it is called a private member’s bill.
  2. It is the responsibility of the council of ministers to pass the government bill while cabinet has no responsibility to get the private bill passed.
  3. A discussion on a government bill can be held on any day, while discussion on a private bill or non-government bill can be held only on Friday.

Question 10.
Describe in brief, the process to pass the money bill.
Answer:
Process to pass the money bill :
This is a very important function of the Parliament. Article 109 of the constitution describes the procedure of the passage of a money bill. Article 110 defines it. The money bill cannot be presented in the Rajya Sabha. It can only be presented in the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the President. After being passed in the Lok Sabha, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha for discussion. The Rajya Sabha has to send it back to the Lok Sabha within 14 days of its receiving. If the Rajya Sabha doesn’t send it back with 14 days, then it will be automatically considered passed by both the houses.

Question 11.
Clarify the difference between an ordinary bill and a money bill.
Answer:
The difference between an ordinary bill and a money bill is as follows:

  1. Ordinary bill can be introduced in any house of the Parliament. Money bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
  2. For ordinary bills, the President’s consent is riot essential. Money bills can be introduced only after getting the President’s consent.
  3. The Rajya Sabha can detain an ordinary bill for 6 months, but it can detain a money bill for a maximum of 14 days only.
  4. When an ordinary bill is refused by a house, a joint session of both the houses of the Parliament is held after 6 months. If money bill is not returned by the Rajya Sabha within 14 days, it is considered to be passed by the House.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Question 12.
Describe in brief the process of amendment in the constitution.
Answer:
Process of amendment in constitution : In India, the power to amend the constitution has been given to the Parliament. The process of amendments in the constitution is given in article 368. According to it, amendments in the constitution can be made by two methods. The changes in most of the constitutional sections are made by a majority of the total membership of that house present and at least 2/3rd majority of the members who are voting. But any such amendment which is related to the changes in legislative powers of the states and the union, changes in legislative relations of the states, representation of states in the Parliament, and amendment in article 368 itself is sought to be made, then for the bill of such amendment, along with special majority of the Parliament, at least half of the legislative assemblies of the states should give it their support.

Constitution amendment bill can be presented in any house of the Parliament, and it should necessarily be passed by both the houses separately. The bill passed by both the houses is considered passed only after it is signed by the President.

Question 13.
What are the methods by which the Parliament exercises control over the political executive?
Or
How does the Parliament exercise control over the executive? Explain.
Answer:
In a democratic system, the government is accountable to the people and the people have control over the government by their voting rights. To control the Executive in its day-to-day functioning is the function of the representative assembly of the people (the Parliament). The following are the methods by which the Parliament controls the executive :

  1. Question Horn:
  2. Zero Hour
  3. Call-attention resolution
  4. Adjournment motion, etc in the Parliament.

The biggest power to control the executive lies with the Lok Sabha. It is the Lok Sabha that passes the confidence Motion, and No-confidence Motion.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the formation and powers of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Lok Sabha is the lower house or the popular house of the parliament. Its formation can be explained on the basis of the following points

Formation of Lok sabha :

i. Membership / Strength :
In the beginning (in original constitution), number of Lok Sabha members was constitutionally fixed at 300, but maximum number of Lok Sabha members could be 352. At present, number of Lok Sabha members is 545. Out of which 530 members are elected from 29 states, 13 members are elected from the union territories and two members are nominated by the President of India from Anglo-Indian Community.

ii. Election :
The members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people on the basis of adult suffrage. In India person whose minimum age is 18 years, is considered as an adult.

iii. Qualifications for Lok Sabha members :
According to the constitution, the essential qualifications to be a member of Lok Sabha are :

  1. The candidate must be a citizen of India.
  2. His/Her minimum age must be 25 years.
  3. He should not be holding any office of profit under the government of India or any state government.
  4. He should not be an insolvent or mentally retarded as declared by any court.
  5. He should possess the other qualifications prescribed by the Parliament as per the law.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

iv. Tenure :
Its tenure is five years. The members of Lok Sabha are elected for 5 years, On the advice of the Prime Minister, the President can dissolve it at any time.

v. Session :
The sessions of Lok Sabha are called and adjourned by the President. But between the two meetings of the Lok Sabha, the gap should not be more than 6 months.

vi. Quorum :
The Presence of at least the l/10th part of the total members of the house including the presiding officer, is essential for conduct of proceedings of the house.

vii. officials of Lok Sabha :
There are two officials in Lok Sabha

  1. Speaker
  2. Deputy Speaker

These officials are elected by the Lok Sabha itself.

viii. Pay and Allowances of members :
Lok Sabha members are given pay and allowances as per the law decided by the Parliament. By enacting a law, the Parliament has now made the provision on the pension for its ex-members.

Powers of Lok Sabha :

i. Legislative Power :
Ordinary bill can be presented in any of the two houses, Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. But in practice, important bills are first presented in Lok Sabha. Bills passed by both the houses are sent to the President for his signature. If there is any difference of opinion on the bill in any of the houses, then the joint session of the Parliament can be summoned by the President. The joint session is presided over by the speaker of Lok Sabha. The decision in the joint session is taken by the majority of votes cast and the number of members present.

ii. Financial powers :
Money bills can be presented in Lok Sabha only. The finance bill, once passed by the Lok Sabha, is sent to the Rajya Sabha. The Rajya Sabha has to send back the bill passed as such, or with its recommendations to the Lok Sabha within 14 days. If the Rajya Sabha doesn’t pass and send the bill back to Lok Sabha within 14 days, then the bill is considered passed automatically. It is the prerogative of the Lok Sabha to accept or reject the recommendations sent by the Rajya Sabha. In this way, in financial matters, the Lok Sabha has more powers than the Rajya Sabha.

iii. Controlling powers over the Executive :
In India, the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Members of Lok Sabha can control the executive by questioning the members of the executive, regarding policies of the government. In Lok Sabha, the executive is made accountable through Adjournment Motion, Censure Motion, and Cut Motion.

Only Lok Sabha has the right to terminate the executive through No-confidence Motion. The members of Lok Sabha can express their opposition towards the executive through Cut Motion by holding a debate on budget proposals.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

iv. Power to amend the constitution :
In this regard, both the houses of the Parliament enjoy equal powers. The proposal to make an amendment in the constitution can be presented in any of the houses of the Parliament. Amendment proposal will be considered passed only when it is passed by both the houses of the Parliament separately by a majority of the total membership of that house present and at least 2/3rd majority of the members present and voting. There is no provision of joint session in case of difference of opinion between both the houses on constitution amendment bill.

v. Electoral Powers :
All the elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and Legislative Assemblies of the states take part in the election of the President of India. The members of Lok Sabha, with Rajya Sabha, take part in the election of Vice-President of India. Lok Sabha elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker, and it can terminate their tenure through No-confidence Motion.

Other powers :

  1. Lok Sabha, along with Rajya Sabha can impeach the President and judges of the Supreme Court. It is necessary that this proposal should be passed by both the houses separately.
  2. To remove the Vice-President from his post, the majority proposed passed by the Rajya Sabha will be considered passed only when this proposal is approved by the Lok Sabha by a majority.

Question 2.
Explain the formation and powers of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
In India, the upper house of the Parliament is called the Rajya Sabha. This is also known as the permanent house or the Council of States. This is a permanent house, which never dissolves.

Formation of Rajya Sabha :
Rjaya Sabha is the second or upper house of the Parliament. Its formation can be made clear on the basis of the following points :
i. Membership and Election :
The Rajya Sabha was formed under article 80 of the constitution, according to which, its total number of members will be 250, but at present the number is 245, out to which 229 members are elected from different states and 4 members are elected from the Union Territories, while 12 members are nominated by the President. These people are distinguished in the field of arts, literature, science, social service or sports, etc. The members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.

ii. Qualifications of members :
The qualifications for the members of Rajya Sabha are :

  1. The candidate should be a citizen of India.
  2. His minimum age should be 30 years.
  3. He should be the voter of the constituency for which he is contesting election.
  4. He should not be holding any office of profit under the government of India.
  5. He should not be insolvent or mentally unsound.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

iii. Tenure of Members :
Rajya Sabha is a permanent house, which is never dissolved. Tenure of its members is 6 years. l/3rd of its members are retired after every two years.

iv. Quorum :
1/10 the part of the total membership is essential to be present in the house to conduct its proceeding. This minimum presence of members in the house necessary for its proceedings is called Quorum.

v. Main officials :
There are two officials in the Rajya Sabha.

  1. Chairman
  2. Deputy Chairman.

The Vice- President of India is the Ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. His tenure is five years. Rajya Sabha elects its Deputy Chairman from among the members of the house for 6 years.

Powers / Functions of Rajya Sabha :
Powers and functions of Rajya Sabha are described as follows :
i. Legislative Powers :
Along with Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha also does the work related to making laws. The constitution has given equal powers to Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha regarding non-financial bills.

ii. Power to amend the constitution :
On the issue of making amendment in the constitution, Rajya Sabha enjoys powers equal to Lok Sabha.

iii. Financial Power :
Rajya Sabha has some financial power. Though in comparison to Lok Sabha, the constitution has made Rajya Sabha weak in financial matters. According to the constitution, money bills will be presented first in Lok Sabha only. When these are passed by Lok Sabha, then these will be sent to Rajya Sabha, which can keep the bill for a maximum of 14 days for its consideration. Rajya Sabha can convey its recommendations to Lok Sabha regarding money bill, but it depends on Lok Sabha whether it accepts those recommendations or not.

iv. Executive Power :
In Parliamentary government system, council of ministers is accountable to the popular house of Parliament. Hence in India too, the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, not to the Rajya Sabha. The members of Rajya Sabha can ask questions from the ministers, and can criticise them also, but they don’t have the right to remove the members by no-confidence motion.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

v. Electoral and other powers :
Besides the above mentioned powers, the Rajya Sabha has some other powers together with Lok Sabha. These powers and functions are :

  1. The elected members of Rajya Sabha take part in the election of President.
  2. The members of Rajya Sabha, together with the members of Lok Sabha, elect the Vice-President.
  3. Rajya Sabha, together with Lok Sabha, can impeach the President, judges of the Supreme court and some officials. Impeachment proposal is considered passed only when both the houses accept it with a clear majority.
  4. Rajya Sabha, along with Lok Sabha, can remove Vice-President from his post by passing the proposal by majority. This proposed is first passed by the Rajya Sabha itself and then it is sent to Lok Sabha.

vi. Special and unique powers of Rajya Sabha :
Rajya Sabha has such special and unique powers which Lok Sabha doesn’t have. Rajya Sabha alone can make use of these powers. These are :

  1. According to article 249, Rajya Sabha can declare any subject of the state list, the subject of national importance, by passing this motion by 2/3rd majority of votes cast and the number of members present.
  2. According to article 312, Rajya Sabha alone can give the right to establish new All India services, to the central government, by passing the proposal by 2/3rd majority.
  3. If at the time of declaration of emergency, the Lok Sabha is dissolved, or it is dissolved within two months of such declaration, then only with the permission of Rajya Sabha, emergency declaration can remain effective till it is accepted or refused within a period of one month, from the date of the first meeting of the new Lok Sabha.

Question 3.
Explain the powers and functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Powers and function of Lok Sabha Speaker :
The powers and functions of Lok Sabha Speaker can be made clear on the basis of the following points :

  1. When the numbers of votes cast are equal in favour of and against any bill, then the Lok Sabha speaker can cast his decisive vote.
  2. The speaker has the power to give recognition to parties and groups in the Lok Sabha.
  3. He conducts the proceedings of Lok Sabha.
  4. According to constitution he also has the power to adjourn the meeting of Lok Sabha or to suspend the meeting in case of absence of Quorum.
  5. To maintain the established system in Lok Sabha, is the responsibility of the speaker, and he makes the members follow rules and regulations.
  6. For presentation of appeals in the Lok Sabha, the speaker’s consent is mandatory.
  7. He appoints the chairman of selection committees.
  8. With the counsel of the prime minister, he decides the day and time for consideration of Budget, Appropriation bill, and Finance bill, by the committee.
  9. No question related to any members, committee, or violation of privilege can be raised in the meeting without his consent.
  10. He can prohibit the entry of audience and representatives of press, in the House.
  11. On all the formal occasions, only the speaker represents the Lok Sabha.
  12. The speaker also graces many reputed posts.
  13. To protect the privileges of the members of Lok Sabha, is also the responsibility of the speaker. The interests of the opposition parties are also protected by him only.
  14. His consent is mandatory for adjournment Motion too.
  15. All Lok Sabha speeches are addressed to him only.
  16. The limit of budget speeches, is also decided by him only.
  17. To maintain discipline in the house is also the speaker’s responsibility.
  18. It is also decided by the speaker, whether a bill is a money bill or not
  19. He conveys the decisions of the house to the appropriate officers.
  20. In case of joint session, the session is presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha.

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 20 Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Political Science