Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Regional Organizations -ASEAN & SAARC
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Text book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
When was SAARC founded?
(a) 1985
(b) 1995
(c) 2004
(d) 1947
Answer:
(a) 1985
Question 2.
Where is SAARC headquarter located?
(a) Dhaka
(b) Colombo
(c) Kathmandu
(d) Mumbai
Answer:
(c) Kathmandu
Question 3.
What is SAFTA?
(a) South Asian Free Trade Area
(b) South Asian Free Tennis Association
(c) An agency of UNO
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) South Asian Free Trade Area
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write the full name of SAARC.
Answer:
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
Question 2.
Write the full name of SAFTA?
Answer:
South Asian Free Trade Area.
Question 3.
Write the full name of ASEAN.
Answer:
Association of South East Asian Nations.
Question 4.
When was ASEAN founded?
Answer:
On August 8, 1967.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write about the organization of ASEAN.
Answer:
The organization of ASEAN can be clarified through following points :
- The foundation of ASEAN was done on August 8, 1967 by five countries with the aim of regional cooperation in the form of a non-military group.
- In beginning, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillippines Singapore and Thailand were its members. In 1984, Brunei also became its member.
- On July24,1996, India became its full dialogue partner. China and Russia also joined it in the same capacity.
- Its headquarters is in Jakarta and its head is its secretary general.
- Upto now, the associated institution of ASEAN, Asian Regional Forum (ARF) has 23 members including USA, Russia, India, China, Japan, etc.
Question 2.
Mention the function and governing principles of ASEAN
Answer:
- Its functional area is continuously increasing. It is active in political, economic, social, technical and administrative areas.
- The member countries of ASEAN try to solve their mutual problems on regional basis.
- In 1969, to increase communication system and cultural activities, ASEAN countries made a contract in which exchange of television and radio programmes was decided.
- In field of tourism, a group organization named ‘ASEANTA’ was founded which emphasizes mutual tourism in these countries without VISA.
- Solid steps were taken to educate farmers by modem techniques.
Question 3.
Why was SAARC founded?
Answer:
SAARC was founded for the following reasons :
- For public welfare :
Its chief aim is to pay attention on public welfare for which several plans are executed. - Elevation in living standard :
It was founded to improve the living standard, so that the development may benefit the citizens of society and they may lead a better life. - For the solution of problems :
Behind the founding of SAARC, the main reason was to solve several problems like terrorism so that peaceful atmosphere may be created for development.
Question 4.
What is SAFTA?
Answer:
Its full name is South Asian Free Trade Area. It was formed in 1995, in the meeting of SAARC foreign ministers conference. In 1998 in 10th SAARC summit, it was decided to make an expert committee whose work was to formulate the background of ‘SAFTA’. And as much, in 2004, in 12th summit in Islamabad, the SAFTA agreement was signed and this agreement was implemented in January 2006.
Under this agreement, it was expected from SAARC’s member nations that they will reduce their trade tariffs by 20%, but it could not be implemented due to Pakistan’s policies. The total trade among the SAARC countries is only 1% of GDP of these countries, while it is upto 10% among ASEAN countries.
Question 5.
Write the names of SAARC member countries.
Answer:
In South Asia, taking historical steps in the direction of regional cooperation, in 1985, SAARC was founded. It was founded in Dhaka and its secretariat is in Kathmandu.
Basically, in beginning there were seven member countries of SAARC- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Maldives. On April, 3,2007, Afghanistan became the 8th member country of SAARC. Thus, there are 8 member countries of SAARC. The partnership of SAARC in world population is 21%, in area it is 3%, and in global economy it is 9.12%. SAARC itself is an observer of UNO.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write a note on the organization of ASEAN.
Answer:
ASEAN’s organization and structure :
Its full name is, Association of South-East Asian Nations. This organization was founded on August 8, 1967, with the aim of regional cooperation in the form of a non-military group. In the beginning, there were five countries in it: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
Organization of ASEAN :
Among the member nations of ASEAN- Myanmar, Brunei, Thailand Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Kampuchea, India, Vietnam and Phillippines are included. In the beginning, India was considered a partial collaborator. On July 24, 1996 India became the dialogue partner. China and Russia also joined the organisation in the same capacity. Its headquarter is in Jakarta (Indonesia), and its head is its Secretary General. Secretary general is elected for two years. As the helping institution to ASEAN, ARF has 23 members including America, Russia, India, China, Japan, etc.
Nature and aims of ASEAN :
Some challenges of ASEAN member countries are similar and to face these challenges, this organization came into being. Before these countries, increasing population, poverty, economic exploitation, insecurity etc. Eire similar challenges, whose solution is possible through mutual regional cooperation. The main aim of the formation of ASEAN is to give impetus to economic development in south east Asia. Cooperation in political, social, economic, cultural, commercial, scientific, technical and administrative fields and finding solutions to common problems of member countries is the real aim of this organization. The main objective of this organization is to create a common market and to develop mutual trade.
Functions and Role of ASEAN :
Its functional area is continuously on rise. It is active in political, economic, social, technical and in administrative fields. Its member countries are trying to solve their mutual problems on regional basis. In 1969, to increase their communication and cultural activities, these countries signed an agreement in which it was decided to exchange radio and television programmes among all member countries. In tourism field, an organization named ASEANTA was founded which emphasizes mutual tourism without Visa. In ASEAN, solid steps are taken to give priority to agriculture and production and to give technical education to farmers. Thus, in these countries efforts are being made to establish free trade area so that import and export may be made easier with one another.
ASEAN’s Conferences :
The first ASEAN summit was held in Bali (Indonesia) in 1976, and its 28th and 29th conference was held in Vientaine (Laos) on 6-7 September, 2016.
ASEAN5 Contribution/Importance :
It is found after analysing all activities, and achievements of ASEAN, that this organization could not give pace to economic and other types of cooperation. There is lack of necessary capital. International disputes also arose several times due to the clash of interests of member countries. It is felt that inclination of ASEAN countries is more towards western countries. In spite of all these criticism, ASEAN has remained a non-military organization, ASEAN membership is open to all the nations of South East Asia who believe its aims, principle and intention. The efforts to make ASEAN a free trade zone is an important step in direction of regional cooperation. ASEAN’s importance can be evaluated that 23 important countries including USA, Russia, Japan, Chinta and India are the members of its ASEAN regional forum.
Question 2.
SAARC is the chief medium of discussion of South Asian countries. In the background of its organizational structural, discuss this statement Answer:
SAARC :
Its full name is South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. On December 7 and 8, 1985, a conference of seven countries of south Asia was held in Dhaka and SAARC was founded. These countries are- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. On April 3, 2007, Afghanistan became its 8th member. At present, besides these 8 countries, observers are also included. It is a beginning of regional cooperation in world politics of neighbouring countries in south Asia. Except Maldives, all the members of SAARC are a part of Indian subcontinent.
All these countries are associated on the basis of history, geography, religion and culture. First of all, the idea to make an organization of Asian countries was given by former Bangladesh President, Zia-ur-Rehman. SAARC organization is a major forum of discussion between Asian countries. The main thrust of SAARC is to emphasize on regional cooperation. On August 1983, nine fields were underlined- agriculture, health services, weather, science, postal services, rural development, Science, communication technology, transportation, games, and cultural cooperation. After 2 years in Dhaka, some more subjects were also added, i.e. terrorism, drug smuggling, and women’s role in regional development. SAARC headquarter is in Kathmandu (Nepal).
Organizational structure of SAARC :
The charter of SAARC, on which in 1985 in Dhaka conference agreement was made, has 10 articles. In it, SAARC’s major principles, aims and institutional structure have been described. The organizational structure of SAARC can be clarified through following articles of its charter :
- Article-1 :
In it, SAARC’s major aims are described, which are given below:- Improving life standard and the welfare of the people of south Asian region.
- To develop collective independence of South Asian countries.
- Speedy development in economic, social and cultural sphere of the area.
- Mutual faith, intelligence and the evaluation of one another’s problems.
- Active cooperation in economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific areas and increase in mutual help.
- To increase cooperation with other developing countries.
- In case of common interests, empowering mutual cooperation on international stage.
- Article-2 :
In it, SAARC’s principles are described. Cooperation, equality, regional unity and mutual non-interference in internal issues Eire included in it. - Article-3 :
In it, there is a provision of summits of SAARC nations’ heads. - Article-4 :
In it, there is a provision of the foreign ministers’ council of member countries. - Article-5 :
In it, there is a provision of permanent committee in which foreign secretaries of member countries are included and once in a year, its meeting is necessary. It looks after the progress and recognition of area of cooperation. - Article-6 :
In it, there is a provision of technical committee which works for functional harmony and identification of new subjects of regional cooperation. - Article-7 :
In it, there is a provision of working committee. - Article-8:
In it, there is a provision of SAARC secretariat. It was founded in 1987. Its headquarter is in Kathmandu. There is a secretary general to head it. His tenure is of 2 years. Besides, secretariat, 12 regional centres are made in different countries, for other social, economic and cultural matters. Besides, 6 others high level institutions and 17 recoganised institutions are included. - Article-9&10:
Both make provision for SAARC financial institution and common fund for welfare work.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
In which year, was Quebec conference held?
(a) 1953
(b) 1954
(c) 1955
(d) 1956
Answer:
(a) 1953
Question 2.
Which country leads in rubber production?
(a) China
(b) Malaysia
(c) India
(d) Brunei
Answer:
(b) Malaysia
Question 3.
In which country, communist ideology is found the most?
(a) Myanmar
(b) Vietnam
(c) China
(d) Laos
Answer:
(c) China
Question 4.
In which year did Brunei become ASEAN’s member?
(a) 1981
(b) 1982
(c) 1983
(d) 1984
Answer:
(d) 1984
Question 5.
When was Cambodia made a full time member of ASEAN?
(a) 1999
(b) 1989
(c) 1979
(d) 1969
Answer:
(a) 1999
Question 6.
ASEAN’s head is the-
(a) Secretary
(b) General Secretary
(c) Both
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) General Secretary
Question 7.
Where was the first ASEAN summit held?
(a) Russia
(b) China
(c) Indonesia
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) Indonesia
Question 8.
How many countries are the members of ASEAN?
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 10
Answer:
(d) 10
Question 9.
How many countries of the world are the members of ASEAN Regional Forum?
(a) 23
(b) 24
(c) 25
(d) 26
Answer:
(a) 23
Question 10.
Which is the 8th member of SAARC?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Afghanistan
(c) Tajikistan
(d) Kazhakistan
Answer:
(b) Afghanistan
Question 11.
In which year was the agreement on SAARC’s charter made?
(a) 1983
(b) 1984
(c) 1985
(d) 1986
Answer:
(c) 1985
Question 12.
In which article of SAARC charter is the provision of national leaders’ summit?
(a) Article 1
(b) Article 5
(c) Article 4
(d) Article 3
Answer:
(d) Article 3
Question 13.
What is the tenure of SAARC’s Secretary general?
(a) 2 years
(b) 3 years
(c) 5 years
(d) 1 years
Answer:
(a) 2 years
Question 14.
In which year was the agreement, for the first time, made on SAFTA’s foundation?
(a) 1994
(b) 1995
(c) 2004
(d) 2016
Answer:
(b) 1995
Question 15.
In which year was SAFTA agreement signed in Islamabad?
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2016
(d) 2004
Answer:
(c) 2016
Question 16.
In which year was SAARC summit held in New Delhi?
(a) 1988
(b) 1989
(c) 1990
(d) 1991
Answer:
(a) 1988
Question 17.
Where is SAARC headquarters located?
(a) Russia
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Kothmandu
Answer:
(d) Kothmandu
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
When did (he term ‘South-East-Asia’ come into being?
Answer:
After second world war.
Question 2.
Why is South East Asia so important?
Answer:
This area is very important from political and geographical points of view because of its strategic situation on the sea-route which joins Indian ocean to Pacific ocean and joins Australia and Asia by a natural bridge.
Question 3.
Which region is called the rice bowl of Asia?
Answer:
South East Asia.
Question 4.
In which year was communist rule established in China?
Answer:1949.
Question 5.
Name the initial member countries of ASEAN.
Answer:
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Phillippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
Question 6.
When did India become a full dialogue partner of ASEAN?
Answer:
July 1996.
Question 7.
Where is the headquarters of ASEAN located?
Answer:
Jakarta (Indonesia).
Question 8.
For how many years is the President of ‘ASEAN’ elected.
Answer:
For 2 years.
Question 9.
What is main aim of ASEAN’s establishment?
Answer:
The main aim is to give pace to economic development in South East Asia and to give stability to member countries.
Question 10.
When and where was the first summit of ASEAN held?
Answer:
In 1976 in Bali (Indonesia).
Question 11.
Write two problems before the member countries of ASEAN.
Answer:
- Fast increasing population.
- Poverty
Question 12.
With which sphere ASEANTA is associated?
Answer:
It is associated with tourism.
Question 13.
Write two functions of ASEANTA.
Answer:
- To develop communication system and cultural interaction between member countries and
- To impart new agrarian technology to farmers.
Question 14.
What is Narendra Modi ji’s aim behind ‘Act East’ policy?
Answer:
It is to increase intimacy with south east Asian countries.
Question 15.
What is Laos’s capital?
Answer:
Vientaine.
Question 16.
What is the cause of slow pace in economic cooperation in ASEAN?
Answer:
This is due to the lack of necessary capital and purchasing power in member countries.
Question 17.
What is the percentage of world population in SAARC’s partnership?
Answer:
21%.
Question 18.
What is SAARC partnership in global economy?
Answer:
9.12%.
Question 19.
How many articles are there in SAARC charter?
Answer:
10 articles.
Question 20.
How many regional centers have been established for additional cooperation in SAARC?
Answer:
For this 12 regional centers have been established in different member countries.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Why was the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) founded?
Answer:
Foundation of ASEAN :
This organization was founded on August 8, 1967. In it, member countries Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Brunei, Laos, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, Vietnam, Phillippines are included. All these are South East Asian countries. South East Asia is very important from political and geographical point of view. After world war II, due to the decline of contemporary world power of Britain, this area experienced a power vacuum, and China began to fill this void. Due to China’s expansionist policy, all big and small countries in South East Asia began to harbour suspicion against China. In 1949, communist rule was founded in China, whose direct or indirect influence is seen on this area. These countries adopting the way of neutrality against China’s expansionist and communist policy, emphasized on mutual cooperation. So to give pace to mutual economic co-operation, they established ASEAN.
Question 2.
In ASEAN what is the cause of India’s increasing role?
Answer:
Cause of India’s role: Following are the causes :
- India needs a market for her rapidly emerging economy. Under ‘Make in India’ government encouragement is being given to indigenous manufacturing. ASEAN is the seventh big economy of the world in which 200 multi-national companies of the world are situated. Where on one side, India is in the search of new markets, these ASEAN countries also need market in India for their products.
- India needs mineral oil, natural gas and coal. For this purpose ASEAN is a suitable area. India’s coal demand can be fulfilled by Indonesia and gas needs can be fulfilled by Vietnam and Australia.
- India wants to establish deep relation with ASEAN countries. India wants to make diplomatic and economic relations with countries which are still under China’s influence.
Question 3.
Write the importance of ASEAN.
Answer:
Importance of ASEAN :
It is a quickly growing regional organization, It is Asia’s only regional organization which provides a stage to Asian countries and world powers to discuss political and security issues. This organization gives stress on talks in place of conflict. It is an important step to make south-east Asia a free-trade zone and to increase regional cooperation. Its importance can be evaluted from the fact that 23 countries in which USA, Russia, Japan, China, and India are included, are the members of its ASEAN Regional Forum.
Question 4.
Describe the cause for the failure of ASEAN.
Answer:
Following are the causes of failure :
- It could not become as successful as European joint market.
- This organization could not increase economic and other cooperation of member cbuntries.
- In economic cooperation, low pace is caused due to lack of capital and purchasing power.
- Due to clash among member countries, several international disputes arose because inclination of most of ASEAN countries has been towards western countries.
Question 5.
In article of SAARC Charter, what aims are described?
Answer:
There are 10 articles in SAARC charter in which SAARC’s aims, principles, and financial system are described. In Charter’s article 1, following aims have been laid down:
- Efforts to elevate the living standard of people and ensure the welfare of the people living in south Asian region.
- To increase collective self-relience of south Asian countries.
- To encourage economic, social, and cultural development in south Asian region.
- To create sympathy and trust towards mutual faith, farsightedness, and one anothers problems.
- To increase mutual aid and active cooperation in economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields among member nations.
- To increase cooperation with other developing countries.
- To show mutual cooperation in the issues of common interest on international stage.
Question 6.
Evaluate SAARC.
Answer:
Evaluation of SAARC :
- Its aim is to develop socially, economically and culturally on the basis of collective cooperation, among SAARC countries. However, political disputes, especially between India and Pakistan, have reduced the pace of above-mentioned process.
- Political disputes have also blocked mutual cooperation. Kashmir issue, cross-border terrorism, China’s interference, etc. and several other political disputes have made the SAARC almost purposeless.
- In 1988 in Islamabad summit, India has expressed her worry over the stalemate in economic cooperation.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 31 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is SAARC? What is its cooperation in establishing peace and cooperation in south Asia?
Answer:
SAARC :
South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. It is a regional organization of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Afghanistan which was founded to increase mutual cooperation. It was founded in December 1985. In the foundation of SAARC, the then Bangladesh President Zia-ur-Rehaman played a leading role. In beginning, there were seven members in it. In 2007, Afghanistan became its 8th member. Its permanent headquarter is in Kathmandu. SAARC is a big step taken in the direction to cooperate with each other in multiple fields. With the foundation of SAARC, the process of regional cooperation started in south Asia, and member countries decided on mutual cooperation in various spheres.
SAARC contribution in establishing peace and cooperation in South Asia: SAARC contribution is given below :
- SAARC has brought its 8 members closer to each other and the tension has been reduced. With SAARC cooperation, the tension between India and Pakistan reduced and both countries agreed to reduce the risk of war and to resume talks.
- Due to SAARC, meetings are organised at regular interval among the member countries of this organisation, where through big and small disputes are being solved and unity is being developed.
- Through SAARC, the countries of this area emphasize their economic and social development and the influence of foreign powers has been reduced in this region. Now these countries feel more independent.
- SAARC established a consolidated foodgrain store, which is the indicator of the feeling of independence.
- The member countries of the SAARC in 2004 signed on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA). There is a promise of free trade among all countries of south Asia. If all the countries of South East Asia agree to free trade across the border then a new chapter of peace and cooperation can start. This agreement became effective on January 1, 2006. Under this agreement among the SAARC countries the tax which was levied on import, was expected to be reduced by upto 20% by 2007.
- Through SAARC cooperation, effective from January 1, 2006, all south Asian countries along with India benefited by SAFTA, and by increasing free trade in the area, co-operation has increased in political matters also.
- SAARC has done effective work in agriculture, health, and in basic area like environment.
Question 2.
Describing SAARC’s organizational structure, write the main aims of this organization.
Answer:
Organizational structure of SAARC :
The description is presented in following points :
- In article 3, there is a provision of summit of the leaders of the member nations of SAARC.
- In article 4, there is a provision of the council of the foreign ministers of member countries, whose two bi-annual meetings are a must. In article 5, there is a provision of a permanent committee in which foreign secretaries are included. Its meeting is necessary once a year. It looks after the progress of plan implementation.
- In article 6, there is a provision of technical committee which works for harmony in new fields of regional cooperation.
- In article 7, there is a provision of executive committee.
- In article 8, there is a provision of secretariat which was founded in 1987. Its headquarter is in Kathmandu. It is headed by a secretary general who is elected for two years. Besides secretariat, for extra cooperation, 12 regional centers have been set up in different countries, Besides, with a view to other social, economic and cultural cooperation, 6 high-level institutions and 17 recognised institutions are in existence.
Main aim of SAARC :
Following are its main aims
- To improve the living standard and welfare of the people of South Asia.
- To increase self dependence of the people of South Asia.
- Bring pace in economic, social and cultural development.
- Evaluate each other’s problems by mutual faith and intelligence.
- To extend mutual cooperation in economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields to give active support and increase mutual help in all areas of common interest.
- To increase cooperation with other developing countries.
- On issues of common interest, making strong mutual representation on international platform.