RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 17 Agriculture in Indian Economy

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RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 17 Agriculture in Indian Economy are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Chapter 17 Agriculture in Indian Economy.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 9
Subject Social Science
Chapter Chapter 17
Chapter Name Agriculture in Indian Economy
Number of Questions Solved 59
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Chapter 17 Agriculture in Indian Economy

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
The main source of employment in India is:
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industries
(c) Service
(d) Animal rearing
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
What is the term of short term credit?
(a) Less than 15 months
(b) Less than 2 years
(c) Less than 5 years
(d) Less than 10 years
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
Which state received the highest benefit of Green revolution?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Punjab
(c) Kerala
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
White revolution is related to:
(a) Fishery
(b) Animal rearing
(c) Horticulture
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the allied activities of agriculture?
Answer:
Allied activities of agriculture are: forestry, wood cutting, animal rearing, pisciculture, mines and poultry etc.

Question 2.
What are Zaid Crops?
Answer:
Crops grown during March to July like watermelon, melon, cucumber, vegetable, etc.

Question 3.
What is small irrigation project?
Answer:
Small irrigation project is a plan to supply water upto 2000 hectare of land.

Question 4.
What do you mean by total agricultural production?
Answer:
Total production from a piece of land in a year.

Question 5.
Which fertilizers are mainly used among the commonly used fertilizers?
Answer:

  1. Urea
  2. Potash

Question 6.
Which are the non-institutional sources of agricultural credit?
Answer:
Non Institutional sources are landlords, money-lenders, mahajans, commission agents farmers’ and relatives.

Question 7.
What is the share of agricultural products in export?
Answer:
12.5%.

Question 8.
What is Green Revolution?
Answer:
A strategy of agricultural development introduced in 1966 mainly in foodgrains by the simultaneous and coordinated use of chemical fertilisers, insecticides, improved seeds, modern agriculture equipment, extensive irrigation facilities.

Question 9.
On which crops multi cropping plan was implemented?
Answer:
Rice, millets, jawar, wheat and ragi.

Question 10.
Who is the Father of White Revolution in India?
Answer:
Dr. Varghese Kurien

Question 11.
Which programme was adopted as pilot programme?
Answer:
Green Revolution in 7 districts.

Question 12.
In which country the largest cattle wealth is found?
Answer:
India.

Question 13.
Which is the largest Dairy Development Programme in the world?
Answer:
The White Revolution (Operation flood) of India.

Question 14.
What was the main objective of Green Revolution?
Answer:
To take out India from food crises.

Question 15.
In how many districts Green Revolution was implemented?
Answer:
7 districts.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is agriculture mechanisation?
Answer:
In Green Revolution there was a rapid use of improved tools and machines for the agricultural development. It is called mechanisation of agriculture.

Question 2.
What is Kisan Credit Plan?
Answer:
This plan was introduced in 1998-99 to provide short-term productive loan of Rs 5,000 or more to the deserving farmers. There is a provision to withdraw money and make repayment within the prescribed period of one year, however under t special circumstances this limit can be raised. This credit card is valid for three
years. In view of the popularity of this scheme almost all commercial, cooperative and regional rural banks have started this scheme.

Question 3.
What are commercial crops?
Answer:
Jute, sugarcane, cotton, rubber etc. are called commercial crops as they provide raw material to industries.

Question 4.
What are natural factors of less agricultural production?
Answer:
The natural factors responsible for less agricultural production are:

  1. Dependence of monsoon
  2. Lack of irrigation facilities
  3. Degradation of land fertility
  4. Great western desert of Rajasthan
  5. Problem of weeds
  6. Natural calamities (drought, flood, famine and cyclones)
  7. Barren land and wasteland.

Question 5.
What do you mean by fragmentation and sub-division of land?
Answer:
Due to increase in population, land is divided in the process of inheritance. Therefore size of the land holdings is decreasing. This is called sub-division of land. Farm tracts are scattered it is called Fragmentation of land.

Question 6.
What is minimum support price?
Answer:
Minimum support or levy prices at which the government purchases agricultural products from the market, however farmers are free to sell their products in the open market also.

Question 7.
Why Indian Agriculture is said to be flash of monsoon?
Answer:
Uncertainity, uneven distribution of rainfall due to direction of monsoon winds. Sometimes less or scanty rainfall in a year cause crop failure. As Indian farmer depends on monsoon rains for water supply in fields, it is called the flash of monsoon.

Question 8.
Explain the importance of agriculture in cattle wealth development?
Answer:
Agriculture is the main occupation of rural people. It provides food to human beings and animals as fodder. Cattle wealth and agriculture are complementary of each other.
Man depends indirectly for food supply on cattle wealth for example: Meat, eggs, milk and milk products we get from animals which indirectly depend on agriculture for food.
Cattle rearing, breeding and other allied activities of agriculture provide secondary employment to rural people to raise their economic status and rearing of honey bee, fishes, hens, duck depend on agriculture. Thus, animal wealth development depends on agriculture.

Question 9.
What is HYV Programme?
Answer:
This programme was launched in 1970-71 on 6 crops rice, jawar, wheat, millet and ragi to raise the production of foodgrains by using high yield variety (HYV) seeds.

Question 10.
Explain small irrigation projects plan.
Answer:
To make green revolution successful only HYV seeds were not sufficient. It needed the sufficient supply of water in the form of irrigation which can not be done only from large dams, hence under this programme emphasis was given on tubewells, wells, small canal, ponds, water harvesting which falls under small irrigation programme.

Question 11.
What do you understand by Crop Conservation Programme?
Answer:
Programme to destroy pests and insects in ground as well as in sky before their attack to check crops destruction by them and increase production through spray of insecticides is called crop conservation programme.

Question 12.
Give three benefits of White revolution?
Answer:

  1. Increase in milk production: To-day India is the largest producer of milk in the world the total milk production in India in 2013-14 is 137.69 metric ton. Every year there is an increase in milk production availability of milk 307 gm, i.e. per person per day.
  2. Farmer’s income: It is a secondary income source for rural people. It has played an important role in providing job opportunities to women and people living at borders.
  3. Employment for rural unemployed people: For landless farmers and tenants it has become a stable self financed employment about 90 lakhs of farmers who
    are landless and live at borders are engaged in this field and have important contribution in the field of dairy.

Question 13.
Discuss the bad effects of use of chemical fertilizers.
Answer:

  1. The soil has become polluted.
  2. Salinity of soil is increased which in turn decreased the fertility of the soil. Fertile land is converted into barren land. It has resulted in water pollution.

Question 14.
What are the causes of decrease in the level of under ground water?
Answer:

  1. Over use of chemical fertilizers.
  2. Use of HYV seeds as they need excess water.
  3. Multicropping programme: To grow more than one crop on the same land in the same year, more water is needed for irrigation.

Question 15.
Distinguish between Green Revolution and White revolution?

Question 16.
Discuss the intense cattle development programme?
Answer:
To reform the breed and health of cattle, operation flood programme was launched by the government under White Revolution. The proper management of cattle wealth and breeding has drasticaly changed the economic status of rural people and cattle wealth.

Question 17.
How has White Revolution solved the problem of requirement of milk in urban areas (cities)?
Answer:
Due to operation flood excess quantity of milk was sent to urban regions. Hence not only milk but milk products like ghee, curd, cheese, butter etc. become easily available to urban people.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the importance of agriculture in Indian Economy.
Answer:
Importance of agriculture in the Indian Economy can be explained on the below given basis:

  1. Contribution in National Income:
    There has been a big share of agriculture in the national income of India though this share has declined with the rapid industrial development. Still the share of agriculture is larger than the other economic activities in India.
  2. Employment Opportunities:
    All rural families whether farm rural families or non¬farm rural families depend, directly or indirectly bn agriculture for their living. The ratio of labourers engaged in agriculture to total population was 58.4% in 2001.
    Even today 60% of the working population of the country and 80% of rural working population get employment from agriculture.
  3. Contribution to International Trade:
    We export and import different agricultural products. Agricultural goods exported from India are tea, spices, coffee, rice, tobacco, cashewnut, fruits and vegetables, sugar, meat etc. It is approx 12.5% of total export from agriculture and its allied activities.
  4. Contribution to Industrial Development:
    Agriculture provides raw materials to industries as well as market for manufactured products from industries. Industries of jute, sugar, cloth, horticulture, edible oils, etc. depend on agriculture for raw materials and likewise tractors, agricultural equipments, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. are purchased by the agricultural sector.
  5. Supply of Foodgrains and Fodder:
    Agriculture provides foodgrains to more than 130 crore people and fodder to around 47.08 crore cattle.
  6. Contribution to Revenue:
    State government of India receives income from land revenue annually.
  7. Contribution to Poverty Alleviation:
    Agriculture plays a great role in eliminating poverty from the country by generating income, providing employment etc.
  8. Contribution in other fields:
    Agriculture has an important place in the development of other sectors of the economy, i.e. transport, communication, banking, insurance, internal trade and other subsidiary sectors.
  9. Thus it becomes clear that agriculture plays a key role in the Indian economy.

Question 2.
Explain the problems of agricultural development and the measures to solve them.
Answer:
Main Agricultural Problems in India:

  1. Natural Causes:
    The Indian agriculture depends upon monsoons which are often irregular and uncertain. Hence floods and droughts cause a great loss to crops. Besides insects, worms, grasshoppers, termite soil-erosion, lack of fertility.
  2. Position and Size of Land-Holdings:
    Size of land holdings is very small due to division and sub-division of the land resulting from the population explosion. Moreover the ploughable holdings of a farmer are scattered and as such improved techniques can not be used.
  3. Faulty implementation of land reform:
    Though Zamindari and Zagirdari systems have been abolished yet the tenancy system still continues to exist. The land is still cultivated by the peasants who are paid in cash or kind. Besides the progress of land reforms is very slow.
  4. Lack of Credit Facilities:
    Farmers lack finances, because of which they cannot use improved seeds, chemical fertilisers, latest techniques and machineries. They fall prey to the moneylenders who charge very high rate of interest which the farmers can hardly pay back in their life time. They are not much benefitted by the cooperative credit societies either because of ignorance or complex nature of the system.
  5. Lack of Resources as better fertiliser, improved seeds, better agricultural tools, irrigation sources etc. Although after green revolution these inputs have increased yet they are beyond the reach of a common farmer (marginal).
  6. Lack of Irrigational Facilities:
    In some of the places surface water level has gone down and available irrigation capacity is not being used due to lack of canals in the fields, drainage system and level of land.
  7. Problems Related to Marketing and Prices:
    Production is increasing but the farmers are not getting fair price due to lack of proper marketing system and pricing policy.
  8. Economic and Social Environment:
    Farmers are fatalists and they believe in superstitions and social customs. They prefer spending money on marriage or rituals and rites and ceremonies rather than spending on the development of agriculture.

Suggestions for the Solution of Problems of the agriculture in India:

  1. Effective Implementation of Land Reforms as land ceiling act, tenancy reforms, cooperative farming, consolidation of land holdings etc. Appropriate Policies to protect the interest of small farmers and agricultural labourers. Technical development, i.e. use of appropriate techniques to improve the productivity. The farmers must be linked with the programmes like agriculture development training, exhibition, agriculture extension programmes etc.
  2. Availability of basic resources to marginal farmer and tenants as electricity, irrigation, fertilizers, insecticides, manufacturing of agricultural tools etc. continued. The support prices should be declared as well as subsidy should be given for the purchase of fertilisers, seeds, tools, cattle etc.
  3. Priority to use Dry-Farming Technique:
    Looking at the uncertainties of monsoons in India, dry farming technique has become necessary in the areas where rainfall is scanty. Rain water should be collected in tanks to be used for irrigation. Drip-irrigation and sprinkler irrigation methods should be used so as to economise the use of water.
  4. Expansion of Education:
    More emphasis should be given to educate the farmers. It can help in changing their attitude and behaviour. Adult education and training programmes should be encouraged.
  5. Encouragement to rural cottage industries:
    To decrease the population pressure on agriculture encouragement to cottage industries and agro based cottage industries should be given which will increase the income level of rural people as well as decrease the pressure of population on agriculture.
  6. Beside agriculture alternate employment opportunities should be encouraged:
    Poultry farming, apiculture, cattle rearing, fruits trees (Horticulture) on the fencing of the field should be planted it would work in two ways:

    1. Farmers income sources will increase.
    2. They will not need credit at the time of crop failure. It would increase productivity and economic status of farmer.
  7. Genetic Farming/Biotechnical farming:
    Traditional systems of farming should be replaced so that fertility of soil would increase as well as environment would become healthy.

Question 3.
Give the meaning of Green Revolution. Also discuss its achievements.
Answer:
The eight years between 1961-1969 of third and fourth five year of plan were veiy important in agricultural history of India. This was the time when new strategy was used in the field of agriculture. In 7 districts Pilot Programme was launched which was later co-ordinated by the use of HYV Seeds. This Policy of development was to extend in whole country. This strategy was the beginning of Green Revolution.

In place of traditional method of farming new technique was used along with use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides, HYV seeds, modem equipments, extensive irrigation facilities in 1966-67 at the time of Kharif crop. It was beginning of a new era in the field of agriculture known as Green Revolution. The contribution of this goes to Prof. E. Norman Borlaug who is considered the Fatner of this revolution but in India Prof. M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of Green Revolution.

Main Achievement in Agriculture Sector: Five times increase in agricultural production, three and half-times increase in foodgrains, rapid growth in the production of commercial crops, rapid increase in the irrigated area, use of high- yielding seeds, modern machines, chemicals, fertilisers, insecticides, attention to soil-conservation, reform in agricultural marketing system, extension of Institutional credit facilities resulted in high production and productivity. Poverty alleviation in rural areas. Economic status of farmers increased.

Question 4.
What do you understand by White Revolution. What benefits are availed by the different classes through it?
Answer:
Animal husbandly and agriculture are inter related and inter dependent they are completely essential for food security. The milk production in India is highest in the world but due to bad condition of cattle, productivity of milk is low while cost is high. To improve it government has launched a programme known as white revolution.

In the year 1964-65 an animal wealth development programe was started to increase in milk production. Under this high breeding cows and buffaloes were given to farmers and they were also trained.
It’s father and convener is Varghese Kurien. Operation flood is the world’s greatest Dairy development Programme.
Importance of White Revolution:

  1. Increase in milk production:
    To-day India is the largest producer of milk in the world. The total milk production in India in 2013-24 is 137.69 metric ton. Every year there is an increase in milk production and availability of milk i.e. 307 gm per person per day.
  2. Farmer’s income: It is a secondary source of income for rural people. It has played an important role in providing job opportunities to women and people living at borders.
  3. Employment for rural unemployed people:
    For landless farmers and tenants it has become a stable self financed employment. About 90 lakhs of farmers who are landless and live at borders are engaged in this field and have important contribution in the field of dairy.
  4. Balanced rural development:
    Due to daily development infrastructure in villages like, road, transport, communication, banking are developed to make white revolution successful.
  5. Availability of milk to urban people:
    Extra produced milk from villages is transported to cities which has made availability of milk and milk products like ghee, curd, paneer easier.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
One of the following is not one of the allied activities related to agriculture:
(a) Animal husbandry
(b) Poultry Farming
(c) Extraction of oil
(d) Craftsmanship
Answer:
(d).

Question 2.
Which one of the following is a summer crop:
(a) Watermelon
(b) Mango
(c) Groundnut
(d) Potato
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
The state of India where there is a minimum use of fertilisers is:
(a) Bihar.
(b) Orissa.
(c) Chhatisgarh.
(d) Karnataka.
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development helps in the development of agriculture by providing to the farmers the facility of:
(a) Seeds.
(b) Chemical fertilizers
(c) Loan (Credit)
(d) Tools and implements
Answer:
(c).

Question 5.
Types of agricultural crops on the basis of season are:
(a) Rabi crops
(b) Kharif crops
(c) Zaid crops
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the commercial crops of India?
Answer:
Commercial crops of India are sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds, tea, coffee, jute, coconut, tobacco etc.

Question 2.
Classify the crops on the basis of pattern of crops.
Answer:
On the basis of pattern of crops they are classified as:

  1. Foodgrain crops, e.g. wheat, rice etc.
  2. Commercial crops, e.g. tea, coffee, jute etc.

Question 3.
Name the agricultural products which are exported from India.
Answer:
Among the agricultural products exported from India are tea, spices, coffee, rice, fruits, tobacco, cashewnut, fruits, vegetables, sugar, meat etc.

Question 4.
From which two sources do the Indian farmers get loan?
Answer:
The Indian farmers get loan from:

  1. Institutional sources, such as government, cooperative banks etc.
  2. Non-Institutional sources such as landlords, mahajans, moneylenders etc.

Question 5.
Name the types of agricultural insurance.
Answer:
Two types of agricultural insurance are:

  1. Crop Insurance and
  2. Cattle Insurance.

Question 6.
When and why was the National seed Corporation established in India?
Answer:
The National seed corporation was established in India in 1963 for the production and distribution of seeds.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
By which other name is the Green Revolution known and why?
Answer:
Green revolution is also known as the Wheat revolution because remarkable success was achieved in the production of wheat during the period from 1965-66 to 2003-04. Wheat production was increased to 7.2 crore tonnes in 2003-04 from 1 crore tonne in 1965-66.

Question 2.
What does agriculture insurance imply?
Answer:
Agriculture insurance is a method to protect the farmers from possible losses to some extent due to natural calamities such as flood, drought, hailstorms, diseases etc. Premium paid by the farmers under agricultural insurance protects them against destruction of crops or death of cattle by the natural calamities.

Question 3.
How is the Minimum Support Price programme beneficial?
Answer:
Under the Minimum Support Price programme farmers get security as well as they get fixed price by selling their produce. The government gets an opportunity to purchase the cereals ut the fixed price and maintains buffer stock for the smooth functioning of Public Distribution system.

Question 4.
Write about the factors responsible for thç low productivity in the agriculture sector in India.
Answer:
Factors responsible for low productivity in agriculture sector are:

  1. General Factors:
    They are dependence of large number of people on agriculture, farming by traditional methods, lack of education among farmers, lack of business attitude etc.
  2. Technical Factors:
     Inadequate irrigation facilities, Non-availability of adequate factors of production, lack of adoption of modern advanced technology etc.
  3. Institutional Factors:
    Low size of land holdings, division and sub¬division of holdings, lack of ownership of land of tenants, use of wasteland for agriculture etc.
  4. Natural factors:
    1. Dependence of monsoon
    2. Lack of irrigation facilities
    3. Degradation of land (fertility)
    4. Great western desert of Rajasthan
    5. Problem of weeds
    6. Natural calamities (drought, flood, famine and cyclones)
    7. Barren land and wasteland

Question 5.
Classify the agricultural crops on the basis of seasons.
Answer:
Classification of agricultural crops on the basis of season:

  1. Rabi crops:
    These crops are sown in October-November and harvested in March-April wheat, barely, gram, mustard, potato, peas, etc. are the Rabi crops.
  2. Kharif crops:
    These crops are grown in June-July and are harvested in October-November. Millet, jowar, maize, rice moong, groundnut, Til, etc. are the main Kharif crops.
  3. Zaid crops:
    These crops are grown during March to July. Watermelon, melon, cucumber, vegetables are main Zaid crops.

Question 6.
Which are the different categories of Irrigation projects in India?
Answer:
There are three categories of Irrigation projects in India. They are:

  1. Minor Irrigation Projects:
    Such irrigation projects which are on the cultivable area upto 2000 hectare.
  2. Medium Irrigation Projects:
    In this category are included the projects which are spread on cultivable area between 2000 to 10000 hectare.
  3. Major Irrigation Projects:
    Projects which have more than 10000 hectare cultivable area, are included in this category.

Question 7.
State the categories of farmers’ loan on the basis of period.
Answer:
Categories of loan to the farmers on the basis of period:

  1. Short-Term Loan:
    In this category loan is given for a period of less than 15 months to meet the current needs e.g. for fertilizers, seeds, wages, domestic purposes etc.
  2. Medium-Term Loan:
    Duration of medium term loan is between 15 months to 5 years and is given for the digging of wells, purchase of cattle land-maintenance, purchase of agricultural equipment also for marriage and community death dinner.
  3. Long-Term Loan:
    Duration of this category of loan is more than five years. Such loan is given to repay old loans to purchase land, for permanent reforms in land, to purchase tractor and other heavy machinery to install pump sets etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe main elements of Green revolution.
Answer:
Main elements of Green Revolution:

  1. HYV (High Variety Yielding) Programme:
    This programme was launched in 1970-71 in the crops of rice, wheat, jowar, millet and ragi but maximum success was achieved in the wheat production, though there was a considerable improvement in the production of jowar, millet, rice and maize crops. It made much head¬way in the states of Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West- Bengal etc.
  2. Multicrops Programme:
    It was also a part of the green revolution strategies. It means that the crops sown ripe in short duration and they give more yield, as the crops of rice, maize, millet, jowar etc.
  3. Increased use of Chemical Fertilisers:
    Due to green revolution the consumption of chemical fertilisers has increased veiy much. This has led to increase in the domestic production as well as crops.
  4. Increase in Irrigation Facilities and Emphasis on Small Schemes:
    More emphasis has been given on the gradual development of irrigation facilities for the safety of crops from uncertanity and irregularity of rain, and for more production. Under this scheme more attention is paid to the maximum use of underground water and small irrigation projects. This has increased the total irrigated area of the country from 3.2 crore hectare in 1965- 66 to 9 crore hectare in 2001-02.
  5. Use of Improved Equipment and Mechanisation of Agriculture:
    In Green Revolution there is a rapid use of improved tools and machines for the agricultural development.
  6. Establishment of various Institutions for Agricultural Development:
    In 1963 National Seed Corporation was established for the production and distribution of seeds so as to produce certified seeds of cereals, pulses, oilseeds etc. Finance corporation for the supply of fertilizers and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) as an apex institute of agriculture and rural finance was established.
    Besides the above the other pro¬grammes were fair prices guarantee for farmers, land reforms and land conservation, development of animal husbandly etc.

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