RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 15 Classification of Resources, Conservation and Sustainable Development

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 15 Classification of Resources, Conservation and Sustainable Development

Resources Concept :

All biotic and abiotic natural and human components which are helpful in fulfilment of all the needs of living beings are called resources.
Resources are the determinants of the existence and development of human life.
Man himself is a resource because resources are developed in his reference.
Resource itself is of no use. Man makes it useful. Man transform its form and makes useful. Man maximises its utility.
Man is the producer, consumer and developer of the quality of the resources, thus it is said that resources are made.

Classification of Resources :

Resources are classified on the basis of production, aim, continuity of use and ownership.
On the basis of production, resources are classified into biotic and abiotic resources!
On the basis of aim, resources are classified into energy and non-energy resources.
On the basis of the continuity of use, resources are classified into renewable and non-renewable. “
On the basis of ownership, resources are of the following types :
(i) Personal resources
(ii) National resources
(iii) Global resources.

Resource Conservation :

It means to use the resources in a planned, sensible, thrifty, with the capacity to replenish and in a non-destructive way. By doing so, the availability of resources can be maintained and ensured for future generations.
Resource conservation is necessary for sustained development of human beings, maintaining a favourable environment for living beings and for future human generations. The resourcs of today will be a costlier one in tomorrow.
For the problem of resources’ conservation, man’s increasing needs, industrialisation, urbanisation, growth in transportation and man’s destructive tendencies are responsibe factors.

Measures of Resource Conservation :

For resource conservation effective control on population growth is a must. Maintaining biological balance, recycling of used materials, more use of non-conventional energy resources, search of alternative resources, priority based use, use of artifical things, use of advanced technology and multipurpose uses of resources are included in measures of resource conservation.

Sustainable Development :

Sustainable development should entail the balanced, conscious, thrifty, recyling-driven, efficient and non-destructive use of resources. In this sustainable development process, the resources are utilised keeping in mind the needs of present time along with future generations.
In future, to avoid environmental defects as a result of temporary measures, we will have to adopt permanent and continuous ideology.

Population Growth and Sustainable Development :

Resource and human development has close relationship. Development is an indication of basic condition and qualitative change of facilities.
Due to the concept of continuous development, nutritional growth is also called sustainable growth.
In human development index, Norway, Australia and Switzerland are at the first, second and third place respectively while India is at the 130 position.
To achieve of economic development, world’s developing countries have shortage of money and advanced technology.
In developing countries like India, due to availability of ample manpower, it is necessary to adopt the technology based on labour.
Developed countries of the world are becoming more prosperous and advanced while developing and underdeveloped countries are becoming poorer.
To maintain the level of population growth and economic development, production on local level through medium industries with advanced technology is necessary.
In developing country like India, the aim of sustained development can be achieved through multipurpose projects by making dams on the rivers for better irrigation facilities and for higher agricultural produce.
For human welfare, wide knowledge of technology, effective control over population, biotic balance, more use of renewable sources, recycling and sustainable development etc. are necessary.

Glossary :

Resource : Each material found on the earth or on other planets which is useful to man is called resource.
Conservation : Using natural resources in a prudent way and knowing their re-generation process.
Sustainable Develpment : It means resources should be used in prudent, balanced, thrifty way. They should be made recycling-driven and according to sustainable use, etc.
Biotic Resource : Resources associated with all biotic factors are called biotic resources.
Abiotic Resources : Resources associated with all non-regeneration and lifeless factors are called abiotic resources.
Renewable Resources : The resources which can be renewed after using them once, by man, are called renewable resources.
Environment : A combination of physical, chemical and biotic conditions which sustain life and which can be felt by living beings.
Non-Renewable Resources : The resources which cannot be renewed after their use are called non-renewable resources.
Mineral : Natural material with certain chemical properties found in the earth’s crust which has certain fixed physical and chemical properties are known as minerals.
Cyclic Resources : The resources that can be used again and again are called cyclic resources.
Traditional Resources : The resources used since ancient time.
Non-traditional Resources : The resources which have been put to use recently. Individual
Resources : The resources which are under the ownership of a family, person or an institution, are called individual resources-such as-house, land, gold ornaments, cash, etc.
National Resources : The resources on which the entire nation has right, are called national resources such as – population, mineral, forest, water, air, solar energy, etc.
International Resources : The resources which are under the ownership of the entire world are called international resources, such as – all physical and biological resources.
Conservation of Resources : The use of resources in planned, prudent, thrifty and recycling-driven and non-destructive way is called conservation of resources.
Population : Number of people living in a region.
Urbanisation : Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts this change.
Environment : A combination of physical, chemical and biological elements which are felt by living beings and which sustains them.
Environmental Pollution : Any activity or agent that causes pollution directly or indirecdy.
Global Warming : Increasing quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which causes a gradual increase in earth’s temperature.
Population Explosion : Rapid growth of population causes crises of food and other necessary things of life and causes shortage in resources.
Population Growth : In a certain period, a change in population of a particular area, which can be positive or negative. An increase in the number of people that reside in a country, state county or city. To determine whether there has been population growth, the following formulae is used (birth rate + immigration) – (death rate + emigration).
Soil Erosion : Cutting and shifting of soil due to mechanical or chemical agents.
Irrigation : Due to shortage or lack of rain watering the crops or fields through artifical methods.
Export : Type of commercial activity in which commodities are supplied to other countries.
Import : An economic process in which things and service are brought in from other countries to fulfil locall domestic needs.