Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 21 Unemployment
→ Labour is the most important resource of production.
→ Labour can be employed in the form of a worker or in the form of self-employed.
→ According to eminent economists, there is complete employment in an economy over the long term.
→ According to Keynes, due to lack of absolute demand, the production is less than capacity and unemployment takes place.
→ As agricultural activities are of seasonal nature and also dependent upon monsoon, workers do not get employment for some months in a year.
→ Unemployment is that situation in which a person capable and desirous of doing work does not . get employment.
→ When the rate of capital formation is slower in comparison to labour, it is called structural unemployment.
→ Disguised unemployment is a situation, when a person does not clearly seem to be unemployed.
→ Hidden unemployment is a source of possible savings in developing countries.
→ Under seasonal unemployment, due to the seasonal nature of agricultural activities and dependence upon monsoon, work is not available throughout the year or work is available for some months in a year and unemployment exists in the remaining period.
→ Open Employment is that state of unemployment wherein a person desirous and capable of doing work does not get any work.
→ The problem of cyclical unemployment occurs due to the trade cycle in capitalist or market system economy.
→ If a person gets employment for 273 days in a year at a rate of 8 hours per day, it is called as a Standard Human Year.
→ Usual status unemployment is the number of persons who were not in any kind of employment for a period of 1 year before the survey;
→ In weekly status unemployment, status of the person in the period of one week before the survey is considered.
→ In daily status unemployment, status of the person for each day in the seven days previous to the survey is considered.
→ The daily status unemployment is the ratio of the labour days of weekly unemployment to per week total labour days.
→ The share of self employment in total employment is 52.2%.
→ 18 percent labour is engaged in regular wage employment and 30 percent labour is engaged in casual labour employment.
→ At present, in context to unemployment, the most extensive and latest data was provided by National Sample Survey Organization, 68th round.
→ In the year 2011-12,55 per cent rural men, 25 per cent rural women, 56 per cent urban men and 16 per cent urban women were included in the labour force.
→ In the year 2011-12, according to the general situation, unemployment was only 9.1%.
→ In the year 2011-12, according the general situation, unemployment in Gujarat was 0.7%.
→ Education is the main tool of human development.
→ Education and training increases the efficiency of labour.
→ Disharmony between development and employment growth, increase in population and labour supply, faulty planning, inappropriate education system are the major causes of unemployment.
→ It was perceived in the 5th five year plan that dependence only on development rate for employment growth is not sufficient.
→ Targeted growth rate in the 8th five year plan was kept at 2.6 to 2.8 per cent.
→ National Rural Employment Programme is basically a wage employment programme.
→ Under the Training For Rural Self Employment Programme (TRYSEM) for rural youth, a target of training 2 lac youth every year was fixed.
→ Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme was started in 1983.
→ National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was launched in 2006.
→ On October 2, 2009, the NREGA scheme was renamed Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
→ Under this scheme, each rural family was provided a guaranteed 100 days of unskilled wage employment.
→ Employment creation of230 crore human days was achieved in 2012-13 through this programme.
→ Increase in investment and structural change in investment, establishment and expansion of small and village industries, manpower planning, change in education system, population control, special employment programme are various measures which can be used to eradicate unemployment.