Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 4 Meaning and Definition of Statistics
→ Present age is the age of science and every branch of scientific knowledge is associated with statistical data in direct and indirect form.
→ Knowledge based on statistical data is actual and real.
→ Along with the development of national organizations and institutions, the importance of statistical analysis increased.
→ In Kautilya’s Arthashastra too, there are many facts regarding administration, social system, military system, etc. which are related to statistics.
→ Since state policies are based on data, statistical science is also called “Science of statecraft or Science of kingship”.
→ The word ‘Statistics’ is derived from the English word ‘State’.
→ In Latin language, the word ‘state’ is called ‘status’, in Roman language it is called ‘stato’, in German language it is called ‘statistik’ and in Italian language it is called ‘statista’.
→ German scholar and mathematician Gottfried Achenwall is regarded as the father of Statistics.
→ There is close relationship between state and statistics.
→ Gottfried Achenwall was the first person to use the word ‘Statistics’ in 1749.
→ In modem age, the major reason for increased use of data is the increasing demand for data in the field of experimental science, business and administrative planning.
The word statistics is used in three forms:
- data
- statistics
- display
→ Data is collection of facts in the form of numbers.
→ All those principles and devices are included in statistics, which are used to collect quantitative information, and perform analysis and interpretation.
→ Second use of the word statistics implies the collection, presentation and interpretation of data.
→ The third meaning of statistics is sampling. This denotes performing estimate of numbers which depicts the statistical characteristics of the whole.
→ Statistics originated in the form of science of kings.
→ Statistical procedures are largely used in the form of a resource in every branch of science.
→ The subject matter of statistics is divided into two parts
- Statistical Methods
- Applied Statistics.
→ Data is Collected with the help of statistical methods and it is made comparable and understandable by presenting it in an appropriate form.
→ Statistical methods are such processes which are used for collection, organization, recapitulation, analysis, interpretation and presentation of statistical facts.
→ Statistical methods provide theoretical knowledge.
→ Study regarding the techniques of applying statistical methods in practical form is done in applied statistics.
Applied statistics is divided into two parts :
- Descriptive Statistics
- Scientific Applied Statistics.
→ Statistics and economics are closely related.
→ Statistics has a very significant role to play in both theoretical and applied form of economics.
→ Accursion-regulation system, which is used to examine economic principles, is based on statistics itself.
→ The scope of area of study of economics is very broad.
→ At present, the popularity of statistical procedures is continuously increasing, but statistics also has certain limitations.
→ Under statistics, study of groups are done and not of individual units.
→ Statistical principles prove to be true only is an average form and in a long-term reference period.
→ Experts who have thorough knowledge of statistical procedures should perform the task of collection, analysis and interpretation of data.
Meaning and Definition of Statistics Class 11 RBSE Notes Important Terms
• Statistics : Statistics is the science which deals with the methods of collecting, classifying, presenting, comparing and interpreting numerical data, to throw some light on any sphere of enquiry.
• Tabulation : The presentation of data in rows and columns is called tabulation.
• Forecasting : Forecasting means announcements made for the future based on the analysis of the past and the present.