Organisms R and Q are both eukaryotic, yet they are placed in different kingdoms. Class 9

Organisms R and Q are both eukaryotic, yet they are placed in different kingdoms. Class 9

(iii) Organisms R and Q are both eukaryotic, yet they are placed in different kingdoms. Analyse the criteria that separate them. Class 9

Answer:

Both R and Q are eukaryotic (they have a true, membrane-bound nucleus), yet they are placed in different kingdoms because of the following differences:

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(iv) Explain why organism S cannot be classified using the mode of nutrition alone. Class 9

Answer:

Organism S is multicellular, has well- differentiated tissues, a backbone, and shows aquatic respiration during early life stage (indicating it could be an amphibian or fish - vertebrates). Organism S cannot be classified using the mode of nutrition alone because all animals (Kingdom Animalia) are heterotrophic - they all depend on other organisms for food. Mode of nutrition alone would only tell us that it belongs to an organism that is heterotrophic, which could be Fungi, Animalia, or some Protista. It would not be able to distinguish between the different groups within heterotrophic organisms.

To classify organism S correctly, structural features like the presence of a backbone (vertebral column), well-differentiated tissues, multicellularity, and pattern of reproduction and respiration are needed. The backbone specifically places it in the sub-phylum Vertebrata, and aquatic respiration in early life suggests it belongs to a vertebrate group like fish or amphibians. Mode of nutrition alone is insufficient for this level of identification.