Climates of India Class 7 Notes

Climates of India Class 7 Notes

Climates of India Class 7 Notes

1. Seasons (Ritus): The recurring periods of the year characterised by specific weather patterns and temperatures, influenced by the Earth's tilt and orbit around the sun.

2. Monsoon: A seasonal wind pattern that brings heavy rainfall to certain regions, particularly in South Asia, during specific months of the year.

3. Topography: The totality of the physical surface features of an area. This may include mountains, hills, valleys, slopes, coasts, etc.

4. Tropical Climate: A climate characterised by high temperatures and significant rainfall, typically found near the equator.

5. Subtropical Climate: A climate that experiences hot summers and cold winters, often found in the northern plains of India.

6. Fossil fuels: Sources of energy that were formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were buried deep under layers of soil and rock or under the sea, where heat and pressure slowly turned them into coal, petroleum oil and natural gas.

7. Mitigation: The adoption of steps to help slow down global warming and reduce the causes of climate change.

8. Arid Climate: A dry climate with very little precipitation, often characterised by extreme temperatures.

9. Semi-arid Climate: A climate that receives moderate rainfall but is still relatively dry, typically featuring hot summers and mild winters.

10. Microclimate: Localised climate that differs from the surrounding area, often influenced by specific geographical features or human activities.

11. Climate Types of India

1. 7 climatic types
2. Alpine (Himalayan region)
3. Temperate (Hilly areas)
4. Subtropical (Plains)
5. Arid(Deserts)
6. Tropical-wet (Western coast)
7. Semi-arid (Deccan)
8. Tropical (Eastern and Southern India)

12. Monsoons

1. Scasonal winds that bring weather changes
2. Characterised by heavy rainfall

13. Types of Monsoon

Southwest Monsoon

1. Summer monsoon (June)
2. Vital for agriculture
3. Rains in Western Ghats and North-East States

Northwest Monsoon

1. Winter monsoon (OctoberDecember)
2. Dry and cold
3. Rains in parts of eastern and southern India

14. Mechanism of Monsoon

1. Caused due to differential heating of land and water
2. During summer-low pressure on land-high pressure in ocean
3. During winter-lower pressure in ocean-high pressure on land

15. Microclimate

1. Local climate, affected by human activities

Weather

1. Daily atmospheric condition
2. Frequent change

Season

1. A period of distinct weather pattern
2. Caused by earth's revolution
3. In India-6 seasons

Climate

1. Average weather pattern over long period

16. Factors Determining Climate

1. Latitude (Lower latitude higher temperature)
2. Sunlight angle (Lower angle, higher temperature)
3. Altitude (Higher altitude lower temperature)
4. Proximity to sea (Higher distance from sea, lower temperature)
5. Less temperature variation in coastal area
6. Area near to sea has moderate temperature

Winds

1. Cold wind from Himalaya
2. Winds from sea carry moisture
3. Winds from deserts - dry and hot

Topography

1. Physical features of an area
2. Mountain blocks winds
3. Westward side receives rain
4. Eastward side dry
5. Places of higher altitudes have low temperature

17. Climate and our lives

1. Related to festivals
2. Impacts on economy
3. Many cause extreme weather events

Climate and Disasters

1. May cause extreme weather induced events
2. Cyclone, floods, landslides, forest fire

Cyclone

1. Due to difference in atmospheric pressure
2. Proned areas - eastern coastline, Bay of Bengal
3. Impacts - loss of life, damage to property, agriculture and environment

Flood

1. Due to heavy rainfall
2. Proned areas - Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Kerala, etc.

Landslide

1. Due to heavy rain or earthquake, deforestation, improper construction
2. Proned areas - hilly regions

Forest fire

1. Due to dry condition, high temperature, strong winds
2. Proned areas - Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and other forest areas

18. Climate change

1. Long term change in climate pattern
2. Due to - burning fossil fuel, deforestation, industrial pollution, etc.