RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

Transport :

  • The medium of taking passengers and goods from one place to another place is called transport. In the economic and industrial development of a country, transport plays a vital role.
  • The modernisation of transport facilities determines the standard of economic development of a country.
  • Transport is a medium through which agricultural and industrial products reach to the customers.
  • Water, road, air, and pipeline transports are different types of transport.

Factors Affecting Development of Transport System :

  • India is a vast country. Here, natural, economic, social, etc. diversities are found.
  • The development of transport is affected by physical, cultural, economic, safety and political factors.

Road Transport :

  • Road transport is the major pillar of transport system. Its importance has remained since ancient times.
  • In Mohanjo-daro and Harrapan civilization, and in the era of King Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great, there were strong and well-maintained roads.
  • Emperor Sher Shah Suri constructed the great Grand Trunk road extending from Dhaka to Varanasi, Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Peshawar and upto river Indus.
  • Post-independence, India experienced rapid development of roads.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

Importance of Road Transport :

  • Roads lead people to their homes and it is easy to build roads over any kind of terrain.
  • Roads are a medium through which agricultural equipment, seeds, fertilizers and agricultural products are transported.
  • Perishable products such as milk, vegetables, fruits are transported easily through roads.
  • Road transport is flexible, less expensive and most convenient for travel specially during natural calamites also. It is the best suited for travelling short distances.
  • Road transport is an ideal transport system for rural as well as industrial development of the country.

Types of Indian Roads :

  • Indian roads can be divided into major 5 types according to their usefulness and importance-National Highways, State Highways, District roads, Rural and Border Roads.
  • National Highways are under the supervision of central government, whereas State Highways are under the supervision of state government.
  • Border Roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
  • Border Roads Organisation has constructed road at the highest altitude of the world in haddakh to Leh retions
  • Border Roads Organisation has constructed the road at the highest altitude of the world in Ladakh to Leh regions.

Rail Transport :

  • Indian railways is the largest nationalised undertaking of Government of India. It plays an important role in the economic development of the country.
  • Indian rail Transport plays an important role in maintaining national security, peace keeping and it also establishes geographical and cultural unity in India.

Development of Railways in India :

  • The first railway service in India started on April 16, 1853 between Mumbai To Thane. After the revolt of 1857, the Britishers rapidly developed rail network in India.
  • Indian Railways is currently largest of Asia and second largest rail network of the worth.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

Administrative System of Railways :

  • The Central Government operates the Indian Railways.
  • With administration point of view on April, 01, 2003, there are 16 railway zones operating in India.
  • On December 25, 2010, metro railways Kolkata was declared a zone. There is only one division under this zone.

Distribution of Indian Rail Routes :

  • Railway network is the most dense in the northern plains of India.
  • Modernisation of Indian Railways is taking place at fast pace. Gatiman Express, Shan-E Punjab, Himsagar Express are some of the examples of fast and modern trains.
  • There is a proposal to run Telgo trains between Delhi-Mumbai and Mathura-Palwal.
  • Government has decided to run Bullet train between Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi and Kolkata.
  • It has been declared to open first Railway University of the country in Vadodra, Gujarat.
  • Mountain Railways, Nilgiri Mountain Railways and Kalka-Shimla railways have been made a part of world heritage.
  • Front Corridor project and Konkan Railway project are two distinct projects in the history of Indian Railways.
  • Metro and mono trains are also being run in many cities of India.

Air Transport :

  • Air transport is the fastest, modern and costliest mode of transport.
  • Airports Authority of India owns the responsibility to provide air transport facility in India.
  • In the year 1953, the monopoly of Indian Air Lives and Air India was put an end.
  • On 1st March 1994, the monopoly of Indian Airlines and Air India was an end.
  • In India, green airports are being constructed. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad is the first green airport in Asia.
  • Airports in India are divided into four categories – International Airports, and Large, Medium and Small Airports.
  • The Indian scenario is very much favourable for the development of Airports.
  • In the year 2016, National Civil Aviation Policy was announced which focuses on make in India and Open Sky Policy.

Water Transport :

  • Water transport is the cheapest and easiest way of transportation.
  • Water Transport is divided into two categotries – Domestic water Transport and Oceanic Water Transport.
  • Internal waterway of India is mostly present in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Bihar and Odisha.
  • In October, 1986, Inland Waterway Authority of India was formed for the development of waterways in India.
  • Central government passed the National Waterways Bill in the year 2015.
  • Rivers depending on season, change in water levels, increasing deposits of rivers, decreasing water levels due to irrigation through canals and salinity of water are the major hindrances in Internal waterways development.
  • Ports have the facility to load and unload the goods from the ships.
  • Almost 95% trade of India is being done through waterways.
  • Shipyard Corporation of India was nationalised from a private limited company into a public limited company. In the year 2000, it was awarded the “Miniratna” status.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

Pipeline Transport :

  • For transportation of mineral oil (petroleum), Natural Gas, and liquid iron ore, pipeline is the cheapest and quickest mode of transport.
  • In India, Naharkatiya, Gujarat, Salaya – ICoyali – Mathura, Mumbai- Bombay High- Ankleswar – Koyali etc. are the major pipelines.
  • Hazira – Vijaypur – Jagadishpur is the longest underground pipeline of the world, it is 1750 km long.
  • Gas Authority of India Limited was established in 1984, which operates 19400 km long pipelines.
  • Presently, pipelines are developed to spread from gas and petroleum-rich areas to refineries, areas of demand, industries and thermal power plants.

Glossary :

  • Transport : The process of taking travellers and goods from one place to another place is called transport.
  • National Highway : Those highways which are constructed and maintained by the central government and which link capitals of states, important cities, important ports, and railway junctions are called National Highways.
  • State highways : Those highways which are built and maintained by the state government and which link-state capitals with district headquarters and other important cities.
  • Border Roads : Those roads which are constructed in border areas and are strategically important.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 20 Transport

RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes