RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 24 Rajasthan: Minerals and Industries

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 24 Rajasthan: Minerals and Industries

Minerals :

Minerals are naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiotic in origin.
Minerals are natural resources which are obtained from the crust of the earth.
In nature, minerals are obtained in the form of compounds of other elements and materials, which are called, ore.
There are two types of minerals-metallic minerals and non-metallic menerals. The minerals from which we get energy are called energy-minerals.
From point of view of minerals, Rajasthan is a prosperous state.
The over-all contribution of Rajasthan in mining is 22 percent in India.
With minerals point of view, Rajasthan ranks second after Jharkhand.
Rajasthan has a monopoly in production of some specific minerals.
The distribution of minerals in Rajasthan is scattered.

Distribution of Minerals in Rajasthan :

The deposits of metallic and non-metallic minerals are formed in different parts of Rajasthan.
Metallic minerals like copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, silver, etc. are found in Rajasthan.
In the mining of lead and zinc, Rajasthan has monopoly while it stands second in the country in production of copper.
There are 75 percent of tungsten and 80% percent of silver reserves in Rajasthan.
Marble, Gypsum, etc. as non-metallic minerals and petroleum as energy mineral are found in Rajasthan.
Most of gypsum of India is found in Rajasthan. Its deposits are found in Goth-Manglod, Churu-Bikaner and Jaisalmer-Barmer areas.
In production of marble, Rajashtan enjoys monopoly. The marble of Makrana is world famous.
There are abundant possibilities of increase in production of petroleum in Rajasthan. Petroleum is found in Bikaner, Jaisalmer, and in the west of Jodhpur.

Industry :

For the development of industries, a “Special Economic Zone Bill” was passed in Rajasthan in 2015 and the Rajasthan Government gave the slogan “Make-in-Rajasthan”.
For industrial development, 36 District Industry Centres and 734 other centres are working in Rajasthan.

Cotton Textile Industry :

Cotton textile is the oldest and traditional industry in Rajasthan. It is an industry which provides the highest employment to the rural population,
The largest cotton textile mill in Rajasthan is Maharaja Ummed Singh Mills, Pali while Krishna Mills Ltd., Beawar is the first cotton mill,
With production of cotton textile point of view, Bhilwara is considered the Manchester of Rajasthan and is famous as the textile-city,
At present, most cotton textile mills in Rajasthan have been started with the help of “Rajasthan State Technology-Development and Investment Corporation Limited.”
Cotton textile industry in Rajasthan is facing several problems like supply of raw material, dry climate, lack of energy supply, capital and skilled labour, etc.

Cement Industry :

Cement industry in Rajasthan stands second after Andhra Pradesh in the country.
With localization point of view of cement industry, most favourable conditions are found in the districts of Chittorgarh and Sawai-Madhopur.
The first cement factory was started at Lakheri (Bundi) in Rajasthan,
In comparison of large-scale cement facteries, more of small and medium-sized cement factories are being established at present.

Rural Development in Rajasthan :

According to census 2011, 75.2 per cent of population in Rajasthan lives in the villages.
A separate “village development ministry” has been formed in Rajasthan for rural development.
Several plans are running in Rajasthan for poverty aleviation, economic and infrastructural development, removal of uneven distribution of income, creation of employment for youth and rural development, o At present, the village development department is known as “Village Development and Panchayati Raj” department.

Dairy Industry :

To promote dairy development program in Rajasthan, a separate dairy department was established in 1973.
At present, “Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation” (RAJFED) has been formed to promote the dairy industry.
In Rajasthan, dairy development program is being implemented with the help of several co-operative societies.
Along with other states of India, “Operation Flood” was started in Rajasthan in 1970.
Rajasthan State Milk Nigam is responsible for animal culture, milk production and implementation of entire programme.
Rajasthan State Milk Co-operative Federation is the best organisation of aggregation and co-operation at state level.

Future Plan for Development of Dairy Industry in Rajasthan :

The recent cattle counting has been completed in 2017.
Most number of neat cattle is found in Udaipur and Chittorgarh and minimum in Dholpur.
The main breeds of neat cattle in Rajasthan are Gir, Tharparkar, Nagauri, Rathi, Kankrej, Hariana, Malvi, Mewati (ICothi) and other foreign breeds.
Rathi breed of cow is called the Kamdhenu of Rajasthan as it is a trailblazer in giving milk.
In Rajasthan, country native neat cattle breed improvement program, Gopal program, Kamdhenu Plan, are being operated as an effort of culturing high milk-yielding progeny.
Also, several NGOs are trying for betterment of neat cattle breed.
Government of Rajasthan is trying to develop the cow-resource by artificial msemination, providing balanced diet to cattle, medical facilities and subsidy, etc.

Cottage Industries :

An industry whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipment is called cottage industry.
With view point of raw material, cottage industries are agriculture-based, mineral-based, cattle-based and forest products based industries.
From urban areas, cottage industries are also operated using such raw materials as cloth, wood, metal, leather and lac.
Important cottage industries in Rajasthan are oil and vanaspati ghee industry, block printing and dyeing industry, khadi industry, leather industry, woollen textile industry, dairy industry, bone-powder industry, forest-products based industry, mining based industry, handloom industry, artificial silk industry, etc.
State government has made special clusters to promote and to develop cottage industries.

Glossary :

Minerals : A naturally occurring inorganic, solid crystalline substance which has a definite structure and a chemical composition, which is either definite or which may vary within certain defined limits.
Industry : The process of making primary products more useful is called industry. It is a secondary human activity.
Mining : The process of digging out ores or minerals from the crust of the earth is called mining.
Ore : Naturally-occurring solid material from which metals or valuable minerals can be extracted profitably.
Metallic minerals : The minerals containing metals are called metallic minerals. Iron, copper, silver etc. ores are metallic minerals.
Non-metallic Minerals : The minerals that do not contain metals are called non-metallic minerals. Mica, Pyrite, diamond, gypsum, etc. are non-metallic minerals.
Resources : All organic or inorganic materials found in nature that satisfy human necessities are called resources.
Transport: A system or means of transferring people and goods from one place to another is called transport.
Energy Minerals : The minerals that provide energy are called energy minerals.
Conservation of Resources : Conservation of resources is the planned usage of natural resources to optimise their utility. Resources have to be used carefully and given a chance to get renewed.
Environment : The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates, the natural world-as a whole or in a part.
Pollution : The addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster that it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recyled or stored in harmless forms.
Bio Diversity : The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.
Communication : The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviours to express or exchange information or ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.
Green Revolution : The green revolution in India refers to a period when agriculture in India improved due to the adoption of modem methods and technology in agriculture.
TFade : The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging commodities, in either wholesale or retail, within a country or between and among countries.
R.C.DJF. : Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF) was set up in 1977 as the implementing agency for dairy development programs in Rajasthan. It is registered as society under Rajasthan Co-operative Societies Act, 1965.
Cottage Industry : An industry whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their own equipments is called cottage industry.
Special Economic Zone : (SEZ), A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from rest of the country. The aims of SEZ are to increase trade, to increase investment, job creation and efficient administration.
Operation Flood : Operation Flood was launched in 1966, but started in 1977, was a project of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) of India. Its main objective was enhancing milk production.
Handicraft Industry : A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any wide variety of types of work, where useful and decorative objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools.
Artificial Silk : Artificial silk or art silk is any synthetic fibre which resembles silk but typically costs less to produce. It is just a type of rayon.
Silk : A fine, strong, soft lustrous fibre produced by silk worms in making cocoon, and collected to make thread and Fabric.
Agriculture Based Industries : Industries which mainly obtains raw materials from agricultural outputs such as cotton textile industries, jute industries, sugar industries, etc.